Programming Basics: C, C++, Java, and Python

1. Introduction to Programming

Programming is the process of designing and building executable computer programs to accomplish specific tasks. It involves writing code in programming languages to instruct the computer to perform operations like input processing, data computation, and output generation.

2. Evolution of Programming Languages

C: Developed by Dennis Ritchie in the early 1970s, C is a procedural language used for system-level programming and embedded systems.
C++: An extension of C developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, C++ introduced object-oriented features such as classes and inheritance.
Java: Introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1995, Java is platform-independent due to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Python: Created by Guido van Rossum in the early 1990s, Python is known for its simplicity and readability.

3. Basic Structure of a Program

C and C++

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!");
    return 0;
}

Java

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Python

print("Hello, World!")

C/C++: Use #include for libraries and main() as the entry point.
Java: Requires a class, with the main method as the entry point.
Python: No need for explicit main function for simple scripts.

4. Data Types and Variables

Feature	C	C++	Java	Python
Type system	Static	Static	Static	Dynamic
Common types	int, char, float, double	Same as C + bool	int, float, char, boolean	int, float, str, bool

Examples:

C/C++: int a = 10;
Java: int a = 10;
Python: a = 10

5. Input and Output

C:
- Input: scanf("%d", &a);
- Output: printf("%d", a);
C++:
- Input: cin >> a;
- Output: cout << a;
Java:
- Input: Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); int a = sc.nextInt();
- Output: System.out.println(a);
Python:
- Input: a = input("Enter a number: ")
- Output: print(a)

6. Operators

All four languages support basic arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %), relational (==, !=, <, >), and logical operators (&&, ||, ! in C/C++; and, or, not in Python).

7. Control Statements

Conditional Statements

if (a > b) {
    printf("A is greater");
} else {
    printf("B is greater");
}

Similar syntax in C, C++, and Java.
Python uses indentation:

if a > b:
    print("A is greater")
else:
    print("B is greater")

Loops

For loop:
- C/C++/Java: for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
- Python: for i in range(5):
While loop:
- All languages support it with syntax differences.
Do-while loop:
- Available in C, C++, and Java, not in Python.

8. Functions / Methods

C

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

C++ / Java

Use similar structure with return type, method name, and parameters.

Python

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

9. Arrays and Lists

C/C++: Fixed-size arrays.

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Java:

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};

Python: Uses lists, which are dynamic.

arr = [1, 2, 3]

10. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

C: Does not support OOP.
C++, Java, Python: All support OOP concepts.

Class and Object

Java:

class Car {
    int speed;
    void display() {
        System.out.println(speed);
    }
}

Python:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, speed):
        self.speed = speed
    def display(self):
        print(self.speed)

Key Concepts:

Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction

11. Error Handling

C/C++: Use errno, return codes.
Java: try-catch blocks.
Python: try-except blocks.

try:
    a = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")

12. File Handling

C/C++: Use fopen(), fscanf(), fprintf()
Java: Uses FileReader, BufferedReader
Python: Simple syntax

with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
    data = f.read()

13. Differences Between the Languages

Feature	C	C++	Java	Python
Paradigm	Procedural	OOP + Procedural	Pure OOP	Multi-paradigm
Compilation	Compiler	Compiler	Compiler + JVM	Interpreter
Platform	Platform-dependent	Platform-dependent	Platform-independent	Platform-independent
Memory management	Manual (malloc/free)	Manual	Garbage Collector	Garbage Collector
Syntax complexity	Medium	Complex	Verbose	Simple and clear

14. When to Use Which Language

C: Embedded systems, operating systems, performance-critical code.
C++: Game development, system software, real-time simulations.
Java: Enterprise applications, Android apps, large-scale systems.
Python: Scripting, automation, data science, machine learning, web apps.

15. Conclusion

Understanding the basics of programming through C, C++, Java, and Python gives a strong foundation for further learning. While C and C++ are closer to hardware and offer fine-grained control, Java and Python are higher-level languages designed for productivity and ease of use.

Each language has its strengths:

C: Best for low-level programming.
C++: Excellent for performance-critical applications with OOP.
Java: Best for cross-platform development with a vast ecosystem.
Python: Ideal for beginners and rapidly growing in data science and automation domains.

Grasping the syntax, structure, and flow control common to these languages sets the stage for more advanced learning in software development, algorithms, data structures, and application design.

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (1 to 50)

Which of the following is a compiled language?
A) Python
B) JavaScript
C) C
D) HTML
Answer: C) C
Which symbol is used for a single-line comment in Python?
A) //
B) <!–
C) #
D) /*
Answer: C) #
Which of the following is not a valid data type in C?
A) int
B) float
C) string
D) char
Answer: C) string
Java is platform-________.
A) Specific
B) Dependent
C) Independent
D) Complex
Answer: C) Independent
Which keyword is used to define a function in Python?
A) function
B) def
C) fun
D) void
Answer: B) def
Which of the following is used to declare a constant in C?
A) #define
B) const
C) final
D) immutable
Answer: A) #define
Which of these is not a loop structure?
A) for
B) while
C) loop
D) do-while
Answer: C) loop
What does the ‘++’ operator do in C++?
A) Adds 2
B) Multiplies by 2
C) Increments by 1
D) Decrements by 1
Answer: C) Increments by 1
Which language is known for indentation-based syntax?
A) C
B) Java
C) C++
D) Python
Answer: D) Python
Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?
A) 1value
B) value1
C) value-1
D) value 1
Answer: B) value1

Which keyword is used for inheritance in Java?
A) implements
B) inherits
C) extends
D) interface
Answer: C) extends
Which of the following is used to compile C++ code?
A) javac
B) gcc
C) py
D) node
Answer: B) gcc
Which operator is used for assignment in programming?
A) =
B) ==
C) :=
D) ===
Answer: A) =
Which of the following is not a keyword in C?
A) auto
B) register
C) include
D) void
Answer: C) include
What is the extension of a Python file?
A) .txt
B) .java
C) .py
D) .exe
Answer: C) .py
What will print(3**2) output in Python?
A) 6
B) 9
C) 8
D) 32
Answer: B) 9
In Java, arrays are ___________.
A) Objects
B) Variables
C) Functions
D) None
Answer: A) Objects
Which of the following symbols is used to denote a pointer in C?
A) &
B) *
C) @
D) ^
Answer: B) *
Which of the following is the correct way to declare a variable in Java?
A) int num = 5;
B) num = int 5;
C) 5 = int num;
D) variable int num;
Answer: A) int num = 5;
Which method is used to read input from user in Python 3?
A) scanf()
B) cin>>
C) input()
D) gets()
Answer: C) input()

Which function is used to output text in C?
A) cout
B) print()
C) printf()
D) echo
Answer: C) printf()
Which of the following is not an OOP concept?
A) Encapsulation
B) Inheritance
C) Compilation
D) Polymorphism
Answer: C) Compilation
Which keyword is used to define a class in Python?
A) object
B) class
C) define
D) struct
Answer: B) class
Which one is used to terminate a statement in C++?
A) ,
B) .
C) :
D) ;
Answer: D) ;
Java code is first compiled into:
A) Assembly code
B) Bytecode
C) Executable
D) Object code
Answer: B) Bytecode
Which is the correct way to start a for loop in C?
A) for i=1 to 10
B) for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
C) for(i in range(10))
D) foreach i in 1..10
Answer: B) for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
Which function is used to get string input in C++?
A) scanf
B) getline
C) cin
D) input
Answer: C) cin
Which of the following is dynamically typed?
A) C
B) C++
C) Java
D) Python
Answer: D) Python
What is the default return type of a function in C if not specified?
A) float
B) int
C) void
D) char
Answer: B) int
Which of these is not a valid loop in Python?
A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) None
Answer: C) do-while

Which of these is used to import libraries in Python?
A) using
B) import
C) include
D) require
Answer: B) import
Which character is used to access members in Java?
A) :
B) ->
C) .
D) ::
Answer: C) .
Which function is used to print in Java?
A) echo
B) print()
C) printf()
D) System.out.println()
Answer: D) System.out.println()
Which of the following is not a valid operator in C?
A) +
B) &&
C) **
D) /
Answer: C) **
Which of the following is used to comment in Java?
A) //
B) #
C) —
D) ;
Answer: A) //
Which loop guarantees at least one execution?
A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) foreach
Answer: C) do-while
Which one is not a keyword in Java?
A) static
B) final
C) Integer
D) this
Answer: C) Integer
Which keyword is used for function in C?
A) def
B) function
C) void
D) sub
Answer: C) void
Which character is used to indicate a preprocessor directive in C?
A) $
B) &
C) #
D) %
Answer: C) #
Which of these is a mutable data type in Python?
A) tuple
B) int
C) list
D) str
Answer: C) list

What does JVM stand for?
A) Java Visual Machine
B) Java Virtual Machine
C) Java Variable Mode
D) Java Vendor Method
Answer: B) Java Virtual Machine
In C++, what is the default access specifier for class members?
A) public
B) private
C) protected
D) static
Answer: B) private
Which of the following is not a primitive data type in Java?
A) int
B) float
C) String
D) char
Answer: C) String
Which of these can hold multiple values?
A) float
B) int
C) array
D) char
Answer: C) array
Which is used for modular programming in Python?
A) functions
B) variables
C) classes
D) modules
Answer: D) modules
What will be the output of print("Hello" + "World")?
A) HelloWorld
B) Hello World
C) Hello+World
D) Error
Answer: A) HelloWorld
Which of the following is a correct array declaration in C?
A) int arr();
B) int arr[10];
C) array arr[10];
D) int arr{};
Answer: B) int arr[10];
Which of the following is a correct variable declaration in C++?
A) int 1x;
B) int x1;
C) x int;
D) var x;
Answer: B) int x1;
Which language uses indentation to define blocks of code?
A) Java
B) C++
C) Python
D) C
Answer: C) Python
Which of these is used for exception handling in Java?
A) catch
B) try
C) throw
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (51 to 100)

Which keyword is used to create an object in Java?
A) new
B) create
C) malloc
D) object
Answer: A) new
What is the output of len("Hello") in Python?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) Error
Answer: B) 5
Which of the following is used to read input in Java?
A) cin
B) input()
C) Scanner
D) gets()
Answer: C) Scanner
Which keyword is used to declare a constant in Java?
A) constant
B) const
C) static
D) final
Answer: D) final
Which header file is required for printf() in C?
A) stdlib.h
B) string.h
C) conio.h
D) stdio.h
Answer: D) stdio.h
Which of the following is an escape character?
A) /
B) //
C) \n
D) #
Answer: C) \n
Which of these is not a valid Python data type?
A) list
B) dict
C) float
D) real
Answer: D) real
Which of the following is a character constant in C?
A) “A”
B) ‘A’
C) A
D) ‘AB’
Answer: B) ‘A’
Which method is used to convert a string to lowercase in Python?
A) str.lowercase()
B) lower()
C) tolower()
D) string.lower()
Answer: B) lower()
Which of the following can be overloaded in C++?
A) Operators
B) Constructors
C) Functions
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

What is the output of 3 + 2 * 2 in Python?
A) 10
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
Answer: B) 7
Which of the following is not a valid loop keyword in Java?
A) for
B) loop
C) while
D) do
Answer: B) loop
Which function returns the remainder in C?
A) divide()
B) mod()
C) %
D) rem()
Answer: C) %
What is used to exit from a loop in C/C++?
A) exit
B) break
C) continue
D) stop
Answer: B) break
Which of these keywords is used to define a class in Java?
A) def
B) struct
C) class
D) function
Answer: C) class
Which function is used to allocate memory dynamically in C?
A) new
B) malloc()
C) alloc()
D) define()
Answer: B) malloc()
Which of the following is used for single-line comment in C++?
A) #
B) //
C) /*
D) —
Answer: B) //
In Java, which of these is not a primitive data type?
A) int
B) double
C) String
D) boolean
Answer: C) String
Which statement is true about Python?
A) It’s statically typed
B) It’s compiled
C) It uses indentation
D) It’s only for web development
Answer: C) It uses indentation
Which function is used to find the size of a variable in C?
A) size()
B) length()
C) sizeof()
D) size_of()
Answer: C) sizeof()

Which keyword is used to prevent inheritance in Java?
A) static
B) final
C) const
D) void
Answer: B) final
Which of the following is a ternary operator in C?
A) ? :
B) ++
C) &&
D) <>
Answer: A) ? :
Which method is used to add an element in a Python list?
A) insert()
B) add()
C) append()
D) push()
Answer: C) append()
Which function is used to find square root in C?
A) sqrt()
B) square()
C) power()
D) root()
Answer: A) sqrt()
Which one is not a valid access modifier in Java?
A) private
B) protected
C) hidden
D) public
Answer: C) hidden
Which of the following is used for file handling in Python?
A) open()
B) file()
C) fopen()
D) read()
Answer: A) open()
Which keyword is used to stop a function and return a value in C?
A) stop
B) exit
C) return
D) break
Answer: C) return
Which of the following denotes a string in Python?
A) “Hello”
B) ‘Hello’
C) ”’Hello”’
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
What is the default value of an uninitialized int in C?
A) 0
B) Null
C) Garbage value
D) -1
Answer: C) Garbage value
Which of the following is used to catch exceptions in Java?
A) try
B) except
C) catch
D) try-catch
Answer: D) try-catch

Which is the correct format for a for loop in Python?
A) for(i=0; i<5; i++)
B) for i in 5
C) for i in range(5):
D) foreach i in 5
Answer: C) for i in range(5):
Which of these is a keyword in C++?
A) variable
B) return
C) function
D) define
Answer: B) return
Which keyword is used to define a structure in C?
A) struct
B) object
C) class
D) record
Answer: A) struct
Which function is used to convert string to integer in Python?
A) str()
B) int()
C) parseInt()
D) number()
Answer: B) int()
What is the return type of main() in C?
A) void
B) int
C) char
D) double
Answer: B) int
Which of the following is used to create a comment block in C?
A) //…//
B)
C) /…/
D) #…#
Answer: C) /…/
Which data type is used for decimal numbers in Python?
A) int
B) str
C) float
D) char
Answer: C) float
Which function is used to exit a program in C?
A) return()
B) quit()
C) stop()
D) exit()
Answer: D) exit()
Which is the correct way to start a Java program?
A) main()
B) start()
C) public static void main(String[] args)
D) begin()
Answer: C) public static void main(String[] args)
Which of these is a relational operator?
A) =
B) ==
C) :=
D) !==
Answer: B) ==

What is the result of 4 // 2 in Python?
A) 2.0
B) 2
C) 2.5
D) 1
Answer: B) 2
Which function is used to get string length in C?
A) len()
B) strlen()
C) length()
D) strlength()
Answer: B) strlen()
Which of these is an IDE for Python?
A) Eclipse
B) Turbo C
C) PyCharm
D) NetBeans
Answer: C) PyCharm
Which data type stores only True/False in Python?
A) bit
B) int
C) boolean
D) bool
Answer: D) bool
Which of these is used to allocate memory in C++?
A) malloc
B) new
C) calloc
D) alloc
Answer: B) new
Which keyword is used to inherit a class in C++?
A) extends
B) :
C) inherits
D) implements
Answer: B) :
What is the extension of a compiled Java file?
A) .java
B) .exe
C) .class
D) .jclass
Answer: C) .class
Which Python keyword is used for error handling?
A) try
B) handle
C) error
D) raise
Answer: A) try
Which of these symbols is used to access members in C++?
A) .
B) ->
C) ::
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which function is used to convert lowercase to uppercase in Python?
A) up()
B) upper()
C) uppercase()
D) toUpper()
Answer: B) upper()

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (101 to 150)

Which of the following is not a keyword in C?
A) switch
B) typedef
C) class
D) goto
Answer: C) class
Which of the following is not a valid variable name in Python?
A) my_var
B) _var
C) 2var
D) var2
Answer: C) 2var
Which function is used to read a character in C?
A) getchar()
B) readchar()
C) scanchar()
D) getch()
Answer: A) getchar()
Which operator is used to concatenate strings in Python?
A) +
B) &
C) .
D) *
Answer: A) +
Which of the following is a logical operator in C?
A) &&
B) ++
C) ::
D) ?:
Answer: A) &&
What does IDE stand for?
A) Integrated Design Engine
B) Internal Development Environment
C) Integrated Development Environment
D) Internet Debug Engine
Answer: C) Integrated Development Environment
Which of the following is used for inheritance in Java?
A) extends
B) inherits
C) :
D) base
Answer: A) extends
Which of the following is a correct function definition in Python?
A) function myfun():
B) def myfun():
C) fun myfun():
D) void myfun():
Answer: B) def myfun():
Which keyword is used to define a function in C?
A) def
B) define
C) function
D) return type + name (e.g., int sum())
Answer: D) return type + name (e.g., int sum())
Which of the following is not a loop structure in Python?
A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) None of the above
Answer: C) do-while

Which function is used to write output in C++?
A) print()
B) write()
C) cout
D) echo()
Answer: C) cout
Which module in Python is used for math functions?
A) math
B) calc
C) numbers
D) numerical
Answer: A) math
Which symbol is used for comments in Python?
A) //
B) #
C)
D) /* */
Answer: B) #
What will be the output of: 5 == 5 in Python?
A) True
B) False
C) 1
D) Error
Answer: A) True
Which access modifier allows access within the same class in Java?
A) public
B) private
C) protected
D) default
Answer: B) private
Which keyword is used to define a macro in C?
A) macro
B) define
C) #define
D) const
Answer: C) #define
Which one is not a valid C++ data type?
A) int
B) float
C) real
D) char
Answer: C) real
In Python, how do you get the last item of a list myList?
A) myList[0]
B) myList[-1]
C) myList[last]
D) myList[length]
Answer: B) myList[-1]
What does JVM stand for?
A) Java Virtual Memory
B) Java Visual Machine
C) Java Virtual Machine
D) Java Verified Module
Answer: C) Java Virtual Machine
Which of the following is not a valid function in C?
A) main()
B) printf()
C) input()
D) scanf()
Answer: C) input()

Which operator is used to raise power in Python?
A) ^
B) pow
C) **
D) ^^
Answer: C) **
Which one of the following is used to terminate a statement in C++?
A) :
B) ;
C) .
D) ,
Answer: B) ;
Which function is used to get input from user in Python?
A) scanf()
B) input()
C) cin>>
D) gets()
Answer: B) input()
Which keyword is used to create a class in C++?
A) struct
B) class
C) object
D) type
Answer: B) class
Which of these is a valid Python list?
A) {1, 2, 3}
B) (1, 2, 3)
C) [1, 2, 3]
D) <1, 2, 3>
Answer: C) [1, 2, 3]
Which header file is required for string functions in C?
A) string.h
B) str.h
C) strings.h
D) cstring.h
Answer: A) string.h
Which of the following is a mutable data type in Python?
A) tuple
B) list
C) string
D) int
Answer: B) list
What is the extension of Python files?
A) .py
B) .pt
C) .python
D) .pyt
Answer: A) .py
Which of the following is an example of dynamic memory allocation in C?
A) malloc()
B) int x;
C) scanf()
D) sizeof()
Answer: A) malloc()
Which of the following languages supports both procedural and OOP paradigms?
A) C
B) C++
C) Python
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C

What does int x = 10 / 3; store in C?
A) 3
B) 3.33
C) 4
D) Error
Answer: A) 3
Which Python data structure is best for key-value pairs?
A) list
B) tuple
C) dict
D) set
Answer: C) dict
Which of these is not a feature of Java?
A) Platform independent
B) Object oriented
C) Manual memory management
D) Robust
Answer: C) Manual memory management
Which of the following is not allowed in variable names in C?
A) _
B) 0-9
C) space
D) letters
Answer: C) space
Which statement is used for conditional execution in Python?
A) if
B) when
C) switch
D) select
Answer: A) if
Which is not a valid file mode in Python?
A) ‘r’
B) ‘w’
C) ‘rw’
D) ‘a’
Answer: C) ‘rw’
Which keyword is used to handle exceptions in Python?
A) catch
B) handle
C) except
D) error
Answer: C) except
Which of the following is a bitwise operator in C?
A) &&
B) ||
C) &
D) <>
Answer: C) &
Which function is used to convert a string to float in Python?
A) float()
B) str()
C) double()
D) convert()
Answer: A) float()
Which function is used to print something in Python?
A) echo()
B) print()
C) display()
D) write()
Answer: B) print()

What is the size of int in C (standard 32-bit)?
A) 2 bytes
B) 4 bytes
C) 8 bytes
D) 1 byte
Answer: B) 4 bytes
Which of these is a type of loop?
A) repeat-until
B) for
C) start
D) case
Answer: B) for
Which keyword is used to define a constant in C?
A) const
B) final
C) constant
D) define
Answer: A) const
What is used to read input from the console in C++?
A) input()
B) scanf()
C) cin
D) read()
Answer: C) cin
Which of these can store multiple data types in Python?
A) list
B) tuple
C) dict
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following is an OOP principle?
A) Encapsulation
B) Looping
C) Typing
D) Scanning
Answer: A) Encapsulation
Which operator is used for not equal in C++?
A) /=
B) !=
C) <>
D) not=
Answer: B) !=
Which character is used for newline in Python?
A) /n
B) \n
C) \r
D) ^n
Answer: B) \n
Which header file is required for mathematical functions in C?
A) math.h
B) calc.h
C) cmath
D) stdlib.h
Answer: A) math.h
Which of the following is a feature of Python?
A) Interpreted
B) Compiled
C) Static typing
D) Low-level
Answer: A) Interpreted

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (151 to 200)

Which of the following is used to start a comment in C++?
A) /*
B) //
C) #
D) <!–
Answer: B) //
Which keyword is used to declare a class in Java?
A) class
B) Class
C) struct
D) object
Answer: A) class
Which is the correct syntax to open a file in read mode in Python?
A) open(“file.txt”, “r”)
B) open(“file.txt”, “read”)
C) open.read(“file.txt”)
D) openfile(“file.txt”, “r”)
Answer: A) open(“file.txt”, “r”)
What is the default return type of main() in C?
A) void
B) int
C) float
D) char
Answer: B) int
Which symbol is used for address-of operator in C?
A) *
B) &
C) %
D) @
Answer: B) &
What will print(2 ** 3) output in Python?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 5
Answer: B) 8
Which of the following is a loop structure in Java?
A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
What will be the output of print(len("Hello")) in Python?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) Error
Answer: B) 5
Which of the following is a valid character constant in C?
A) “A”
B) A
C) ‘A’
D) ‘A’
Answer: C) ‘A’
Which one of the following is not a feature of C++?
A) Object-oriented
B) Supports classes
C) Garbage collection
D) Function overloading
Answer: C) Garbage collection

Which of the following is used for decision making in C?
A) for
B) while
C) if
D) goto
Answer: C) if
Which of these is not a primitive data type in Java?
A) int
B) float
C) boolean
D) String
Answer: D) String
In Python, which of these is a tuple?
A) [1, 2, 3]
B) {1, 2, 3}
C) (1, 2, 3)
D) <1, 2, 3>
Answer: C) (1, 2, 3)
Which of the following keywords is used to stop a loop in C?
A) end
B) break
C) exit
D) return
Answer: B) break
Which operator is used for assignment in all languages?
A) ==
B) :=
C) =
D) =>
Answer: C) =
Which is the correct way to declare a variable in Python?
A) int x = 5
B) x = 5
C) declare x = 5
D) var x = 5
Answer: B) x = 5
Which operator is used to compare two values in C?
A) =
B) :=
C) ==
D) =>
Answer: C) ==
In Java, which of these is not a loop?
A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) repeat-until
Answer: D) repeat-until
Which of the following functions can convert string to integer in Python?
A) string()
B) int()
C) input()
D) str()
Answer: B) int()
Which of these is the escape character in C?
A) /
B) \
C) #
D) %
Answer: B) \

What is the correct way to declare an array in C?
A) array[10];
B) int arr[10];
C) int arr;
D) declare arr[10];
Answer: B) int arr[10];
Which of these is not a valid loop in Python?
A) for
B) while
C) do
D) None
Answer: C) do
Which of these is not a valid Java identifier?
A) myVar
B) 2value
C) _value
D) $amount
Answer: B) 2value
Which is used to define a function in C++?
A) void func() {}
B) function func() {}
C) def func():
D) func = function()
Answer: A) void func() {}
Which data type is used to store decimal numbers in Python?
A) int
B) str
C) float
D) bool
Answer: C) float
Which function is used to determine the length of a string in C?
A) size()
B) len()
C) length()
D) strlen()
Answer: D) strlen()
Which of these is used to comment in Java?
A) #
B) //
C)
D) —
Answer: B) //
In Python, list(range(3)) gives:
A) [0, 1, 2]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) (0, 1, 2)
D) {0, 1, 2}
Answer: A) [0, 1, 2]
Which of these is not a built-in function in C?
A) printf()
B) scanf()
C) input()
D) gets()
Answer: C) input()
Which keyword is used to create a method in Java?
A) method
B) def
C) function
D) void
Answer: D) void

Which character is used to include headers in C?
A) &
B) #
C) %
D) @
Answer: B) #
Which Python keyword is used to handle errors?
A) error
B) handle
C) try
D) catch
Answer: C) try
Which data type can hold only True or False?
A) int
B) float
C) bool
D) char
Answer: C) bool
Which of the following is a post-increment operator in C++?
A) ++i
B) i++
C) i+=
D) i=+
Answer: B) i++
Which is the default access specifier in C++?
A) private
B) protected
C) public
D) None
Answer: A) private
Which of these is not a Python loop keyword?
A) for
B) while
C) do
D) break
Answer: C) do
Which of the following is not a Python keyword?
A) lambda
B) try
C) then
D) with
Answer: C) then
In C, which function is used to find the square root?
A) sqrt()
B) root()
C) sqr()
D) pow()
Answer: A) sqrt()
Which keyword is used to inherit a class in C++?
A) base
B) public
C) extend
D) super
Answer: B) public
Which of these is used to define a block in Python?
A) {}
B) ()
C) : and indentation
D) ;
Answer: C) : and indentation

Which header file includes printf() in C?
A) stdlib.h
B) math.h
C) stdio.h
D) string.h
Answer: C) stdio.h
What will type(3.5) return in Python?
A) int
B) double
C) float
D) str
Answer: C) float
Which operator is used for modulus in C?
A) /
B) //
C) %
D) \
Answer: C) %
Which one is a Python IDE?
A) Turbo C
B) Dev C++
C) PyCharm
D) Eclipse C
Answer: C) PyCharm
Which one is used for inheritance in Python?
A) base
B) extends
C) :
D) (ParentClass)
Answer: D) (ParentClass)
Which function is used to round numbers in Python?
A) round()
B) floor()
C) ceil()
D) fix()
Answer: A) round()
What is None in Python?
A) A number
B) A boolean
C) A special constant
D) A function
Answer: C) A special constant
Which function is used to find maximum in Python?
A) max()
B) greatest()
C) top()
D) highest()
Answer: A) max()
Which operator is used for logical AND in Python?
A) &&
B) and
C) &
D) AND
Answer: B) and
What is the output of print(10 // 3) in Python?
A) 3.33
B) 3
C) 3.0
D) 4
Answer: B) 3

SSC / Banking Exam	Computer Topics	Action
General Awareness (Common)	Basic Computer Fundamentals
	History & Evolution of Computers
	Types of Computers
	Computer Hardware & Software
	Operating Systems
	Memory & Storage Devices
	MS Office
	Computer Networking
	Cyber Security
	Programming Basics
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SSC CGL Tier 2	Computer Knowledge Module (Paper 1)
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Programming Basics (C, C++, Java, Python – only basic knowledge)

Programming Basics: C, C++, Java, and Python

1. Introduction to Programming

2. Evolution of Programming Languages

3. Basic Structure of a Program

C and C++

Java

Python

4. Data Types and Variables

Examples:

5. Input and Output

6. Operators

7. Control Statements

Conditional Statements

Loops

8. Functions / Methods

C

C++ / Java

Python

9. Arrays and Lists

10. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Class and Object

Java:

Python:

Key Concepts:

11. Error Handling

12. File Handling

13. Differences Between the Languages

14. When to Use Which Language

15. Conclusion

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (1 to 50)

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (51 to 100)

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (101 to 150)

✅ Programming Basics – Objective Questions with Answers (151 to 200)

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