E-Governance & Digital India
Introduction to E-Governance
E-Governance refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for the efficient, transparent, and accessible delivery of government services to citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. It is a step towards smart governance, reducing red tape, increasing accountability, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the public service sector.
Objectives of E-Governance
- Simplify government processes
- Ensure transparency in public dealings
- Deliver services to citizens at their doorstep
- Promote good governance and accountability
- Reduce corruption and eliminate middlemen
- Bridge the digital divide between urban and rural India
Digital India Programme
Launched on 1st July 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Digital India campaign is a flagship initiative aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
Vision of Digital India
- Digital Infrastructure as a core utility to every citizen
- Governance and services on demand
- Digital empowerment of citizens
Nine Pillars of Digital India
- Broadband Highways – Improving internet connectivity through BharatNet and NOFN.
- Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity – Expanding network coverage in remote areas.
- Public Internet Access Programme – Establishment of Common Service Centres (CSCs).
- e-Governance: Reforming Government through Technology – Simplification and automation of government processes.
- e-Kranti – Electronic delivery of services – Delivery of services in areas like education, health, and justice.
- Information for All – Government data made publicly accessible.
- Electronics Manufacturing – Boosting local manufacturing under “Make in India”.
- IT for Jobs – Training youth in digital skills.
- Early Harvest Programmes – Implementing immediate digital solutions like email usage in government.
Aadhaar: The Foundation of Digital Identity
Introduction
Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number issued by the UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India). It is based on the biometric and demographic data of Indian residents.
Features
- Universally accepted digital identity
- Mandatory for availing various subsidies and government schemes
- Enables Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
- Aadhaar-enabled biometric attendance in government offices
Benefits
- Reduces identity fraud
- Ensures targeted delivery of services
- Promotes financial inclusion through Aadhaar-linked bank accounts
Concerns
- Data privacy and security issues
- Fear of surveillance and misuse of data
UPI: Unified Payments Interface
Overview
Developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), UPI is a real-time payment system facilitating inter-bank transactions through mobile devices.
Features
- Instant money transfer using mobile number or UPI ID
- Operates 24×7
- No need to remember bank account numbers
- Supports bill payments, QR code scanning, and online shopping
Popular UPI Apps
- BHIM
- Google Pay
- PhonePe
- Paytm
- Amazon Pay
Benefits
- Financial inclusion
- Cost-effective and user-friendly
- Boosts digital economy
- Reduces reliance on cash
UPI 123Pay
Launched for feature phone users, allowing UPI transactions without internet access.
Digital Payment Systems in India
India has seen an unprecedented growth in digital transactions, especially post-demonetization in 2016.
Major Modes of Digital Payments
- UPI
- Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AePS)
- Internet Banking
- Mobile Wallets (Paytm, Mobikwik, etc.)
- Point of Sale (PoS) Terminals
- NEFT, RTGS, IMPS
- BHIM App
- QR Code Payments
- Prepaid Debit/Credit Cards
Government Initiatives
- DigiDhan Abhiyan to promote digital payments
- Cashback and referral incentives for using BHIM
- Promotion through Digital Payment Week
- Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (DISHA) for digital literacy
Major E-Governance Portals and Initiatives
1. Digital Locker (DigiLocker)
- Provides access to important documents like PAN, Aadhaar, driving license, etc.
- Reduces the need for physical document submission
- Offers cloud-based storage
2. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-Age Governance)
- One app for accessing over 1200 government services
- Available in multiple Indian languages
3. MyGov Portal
- Promotes participative governance
- Citizens can give suggestions, participate in policy formulation, and provide feedback
4. e-Hospital (ORS Portal)
- Online registration, appointment scheduling, and access to medical reports
5. SWAYAM
- Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for free education
- Includes school, college, and professional development content
6. National Scholarship Portal
- Single platform for applying and tracking various scholarships
7. BHIM App
- UPI-based payment app developed by NPCI
- Promotes secure and quick financial transactions
8. GeM – Government e-Marketplace
- Facilitates online procurement of goods and services for government departments
- Ensures transparency, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness
9. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market)
- Online trading platform for agricultural commodities
- Connects existing APMC mandis
10. CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System)
- Citizens can lodge grievances related to government services
11. PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
- Real-time monitoring and review of public projects
- Chaired by the Prime Minister
12. e-Courts
- Digitization of judicial processes
- Provides online access to case status, judgments, and court hearings
13. mParivahan and Vahan
- Digital vehicle documents and RC/DL management
14. PMGDISHA (Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan)
- Promotes digital literacy in rural India
15. National Digital Health Mission (NDHM)
- Digital health IDs and integration of healthcare services across India
E-Governance in Various Sectors
1. Education
- SWAYAM, DIKSHA, NPTEL for online learning
- National Digital Library
2. Health
- e-Hospital, NDHM
- Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
3. Agriculture
- e-NAM, Kisan Suvidha App, AgriMarket
- Soil Health Card and Crop Insurance portals
4. Transport
- Vahan and mParivahan apps
- FASTag for toll payment
5. Public Distribution System (PDS)
- Aadhaar-enabled PDS
- Online ration card management
6. Employment
- NCS (National Career Service)
- PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Benefits of E-Governance & Digital India
- Enhanced transparency and reduced corruption
- Faster delivery of services
- Empowerment of rural and marginalized communities
- Improved citizen participation
- Efficient resource utilization
- Creation of digital infrastructure
Challenges and Limitations
- Digital Divide
- Lack of digital access and skills in rural areas
- Cybersecurity Threats
- Risk of data breaches, phishing, and fraud
- Infrastructure Gaps
- Low internet penetration in remote areas
- Resistance to Change
- Reluctance among government employees and citizens
- Privacy Concerns
- Especially with Aadhaar and biometric data
Future of E-Governance and Digital India
- AI and ML integration in public services
- Blockchain for secure transactions and data sharing
- Smart Cities with IoT-based governance
- Expansion of 5G and rural internet access
- Integration with global digital platforms
Here are the top 50 objective multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on E-Governance & Digital India, each with 4 options and the correct answer provided:
1. What is the full form of UPI?
A) Unified Personal Interface
B) United Payment Interface
C) Unified Payments Interface
D) Universal Payment Integration
✅ Answer: C) Unified Payments Interface
2. Which organization developed the UPI system?
A) RBI
B) UIDAI
C) NPCI
D) TRAI
✅ Answer: C) NPCI
3. Aadhaar is a ___ digit unique identification number.
A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16
✅ Answer: B) 12
4. What is the full form of UIDAI?
A) United Identity of India
B) Unique Identity Authority of India
C) Unified Identity Agency of India
D) Unique Identification Act of India
✅ Answer: B) Unique Identity Authority of India
5. When was Digital India launched?
A) 2010
B) 2012
C) 2015
D) 2016
✅ Answer: C) 2015
6. Who launched the Digital India initiative?
A) Dr. Manmohan Singh
B) Narendra Modi
C) Arun Jaitley
D) Piyush Goyal
✅ Answer: B) Narendra Modi
7. What is the main objective of Digital India?
A) Promote traditional trade
B) Encourage physical paperwork
C) Digitally empower citizens
D) None of the above
✅ Answer: C) Digitally empower citizens
8. DigiLocker provides what kind of facility?
A) Online banking
B) Digital education
C) Cloud-based document storage
D) Video conferencing
✅ Answer: C) Cloud-based document storage
9. The BHIM app is based on which platform?
A) Internet Banking
B) IMPS
C) NEFT
D) UPI
✅ Answer: D) UPI
10. What does AePS stand for?
A) Aadhaar-enabled Personal System
B) Automated Electronic Payment System
C) Aadhaar-enabled Payment System
D) Aadhaar Electronic Pay System
✅ Answer: C) Aadhaar-enabled Payment System
11. What is the function of the UMANG app?
A) Music streaming
B) Unified platform for accessing government services
C) Shopping
D) Health tracking
✅ Answer: B) Unified platform for accessing government services
12. Which portal allows citizens to lodge grievances against government departments?
A) UMANG
B) CPGRAMS
C) e-Kranti
D) MyGov
✅ Answer: B) CPGRAMS
13. Which of these is NOT a mode of digital payment?
A) UPI
B) RTGS
C) FASTag
D) Postcard
✅ Answer: D) Postcard
14. Which portal helps farmers in online trading of agri-products?
A) eNAM
B) BHIM
C) DigiLocker
D) PRAGATI
✅ Answer: A) eNAM
15. What is PRAGATI used for?
A) Job placement
B) Monitoring of government projects
C) Online banking
D) e-Learning
✅ Answer: B) Monitoring of government projects
16. What is the full form of BHIM?
A) Bharat Interface for Money
B) Basic Help In Money
C) Bank Hosted Instant Money
D) Bharat Hosted IMPS
✅ Answer: A) Bharat Interface for Money
17. MyGov platform aims to promote:
A) Online shopping
B) Participative governance
C) Education
D) Agriculture
✅ Answer: B) Participative governance
18. Which technology is used in Aadhaar authentication?
A) OTP only
B) Biometric and demographic
C) Username and password
D) Signature verification
✅ Answer: B) Biometric and demographic
19. e-Kranti is related to:
A) Power distribution
B) Judiciary
C) Electronic delivery of services
D) Mining
✅ Answer: C) Electronic delivery of services
20. What is the use of FASTag?
A) Flight booking
B) Toll collection
C) E-learning
D) Job applications
✅ Answer: B) Toll collection
21. Who maintains the National Scholarship Portal?
A) UGC
B) MHRD
C) NIC
D) RBI
✅ Answer: C) NIC
22. SWAYAM is related to:
A) Online education
B) Railway booking
C) Digital health
D) Electricity bills
✅ Answer: A) Online education
23. e-Hospital portal is designed for:
A) Buying medicines
B) Hospital booking and record management
C) Insurance claims
D) Online consultation
✅ Answer: B) Hospital booking and record management
24. PMGDISHA aims to:
A) Digitally educate rural citizens
B) Promote mobile wallets
C) Provide laptops to students
D) Create smart villages
✅ Answer: A) Digitally educate rural citizens
25. What is the function of mParivahan app?
A) Payment gateway
B) Traffic control
C) Access vehicle-related information
D) Online tax filing
✅ Answer: C) Access vehicle-related information
26. National Digital Health Mission is part of:
A) Ayushman Bharat
B) e-Kranti
C) UPI
D) PMGDISHA
✅ Answer: A) Ayushman Bharat
27. Which of the following is a feature of UPI?
A) Works only on desktop
B) No KYC required
C) Real-time bank-to-bank transfer
D) No need for internet
✅ Answer: C) Real-time bank-to-bank transfer
28. Which platform provides e-Marketplace for government procurement?
A) MyGov
B) UMANG
C) GeM
D) e-NAM
✅ Answer: C) GeM
29. What does the Vahan portal deal with?
A) Employment
B) Agriculture
C) Vehicle registration
D) Healthcare
✅ Answer: C) Vehicle registration
30. Who issues the Aadhaar number?
A) RBI
B) NPCI
C) UIDAI
D) Ministry of Finance
✅ Answer: C) UIDAI
31. What is the main function of the Common Service Centers (CSCs)?
A) Sell groceries
B) Provide government services in rural areas
C) Promote movies
D) Sell SIM cards
✅ Answer: B) Provide government services in rural areas
32. The e-Courts initiative is related to:
A) Agriculture
B) Judiciary
C) Education
D) Public distribution
✅ Answer: B) Judiciary
33. NDHM stands for:
A) National Digital Health Mission
B) National Data Hosting Mechanism
C) New Digital Home Ministry
D) National Document Handling Model
✅ Answer: A) National Digital Health Mission
34. Which initiative aims to increase digital literacy in India?
A) PRAGATI
B) PMGDISHA
C) BHIM
D) SWAYAM
✅ Answer: B) PMGDISHA
35. What does the BharatNet project aim to provide?
A) Free medicines
B) Broadband to rural areas
C) Skill development
D) Start-up funding
✅ Answer: B) Broadband to rural areas
36. Which portal was created for filing and redressing public grievances?
A) eNAM
B) GeM
C) CPGRAMS
D) UMANG
✅ Answer: C) CPGRAMS
37. The UMANG app is available in how many Indian languages (approx.)?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 12
D) 13+
✅ Answer: D) 13+
38. Which of the following is not a feature of Aadhaar?
A) Voluntary for residents
B) Biometric-based
C) Linked to PAN
D) Contains credit score
✅ Answer: D) Contains credit score
39. What is the full form of NPCI?
A) National Payment Corporation of India
B) National Public Credit Institute
C) National Policy of Credit India
D) None of the above
✅ Answer: A) National Payment Corporation of India
40. Who verifies UPI transactions?
A) UIDAI
B) NPCI
C) RBI
D) SEBI
✅ Answer: B) NPCI
41. Which service provides access to school education e-content?
A) eNAM
B) DIKSHA
C) PRAGATI
D) e-Hospital
✅ Answer: B) DIKSHA
42. Which app provides farmers with weather and market prices?
A) KrishiMitra
B) AgriMarket
C) BHIM
D) e-Village
✅ Answer: B) AgriMarket
43. What is the function of the SWAYAM portal?
A) Online scholarship distribution
B) Free online education
C) Health reports
D) Land record access
✅ Answer: B) Free online education
44. The BHIM app was named after:
A) B.R. Ambedkar
B) Bhagat Singh
C) Bharat Ratna Award
D) None of these
✅ Answer: A) B.R. Ambedkar
45. Which portal handles procurement by government departments?
A) UMANG
B) DigiLocker
C) GeM
D) SWAYAM
✅ Answer: C) GeM
46. Which one is a biometric authentication method used in Aadhaar?
A) Password
B) OTP
C) Fingerprint
D) PIN
✅ Answer: C) Fingerprint
47. Which mission aims at creating smart cities in India?
A) AMRUT
B) Smart Bharat Mission
C) Digital Village Yojana
D) Smart Cities Mission
✅ Answer: D) Smart Cities Mission
48. Which app is useful for road transport and vehicle-related services?
A) SWAYAM
B) mParivahan
C) MyGov
D) UMANG
✅ Answer: B) mParivahan
49. What is the benefit of DigiLocker?
A) Buy lockers
B) File taxes
C) Store digital documents
D) Sell documents
✅ Answer: C) Store digital documents
50. Digital India was launched under which Ministry?
A) Ministry of Finance
B) Ministry of IT & Electronics
C) Ministry of HRD
D) Ministry of Home Affairs
✅ Answer: B) Ministry of IT & Electronics
51. Which of the following is a major challenge in e-Governance?
A) Lack of digital content
B) Power cuts
C) High literacy
D) Cybersecurity threats
✅ Answer: D) Cybersecurity threats
52. What is the use of QR codes in digital payments?
A) File transfer
B) Secure logins
C) Scan & pay
D) Digital signature
✅ Answer: C) Scan & pay
53. Which digital platform helps in accessing government jobs?
A) MyGov
B) NCS (National Career Service)
C) BHIM
D) GeM
✅ Answer: B) NCS (National Career Service)
54. What does the Digital India logo represent?
A) Technology
B) Governance
C) Connectivity & transformation
D) Education
✅ Answer: C) Connectivity & transformation
55. Which platform allows monitoring of public projects at the PM level?
A) MyGov
B) PRAGATI
C) CPGRAMS
D) DigiLocker
✅ Answer: B) PRAGATI
56. Which digital payment method works even without the internet (for feature phones)?
A) AePS
B) UPI 123PAY
C) IMPS
D) NEFT
✅ Answer: B) UPI 123PAY
57. What is the basic goal of Digital India?
A) Promote manual work
B) Empower digitally
C) Block technology
D) Limit internet use
✅ Answer: B) Empower digitally
58. Which e-Governance initiative is related to land records?
A) BHULEKH
B) UMANG
C) mParivahan
D) GeM
✅ Answer: A) BHULEKH
59. Which is not an objective of Digital India?
A) Electronic delivery of services
B) Cash-based economy
C) Digital infrastructure
D) Empowerment through technology
✅ Answer: B) Cash-based economy
60. What is the full form of ICT?
A) Information Credit Training
B) Information & Communication Technology
C) Internal Computer Technology
D) Integrated Communication Transfer
✅ Answer: B) Information & Communication Technology
61. UPI is linked with which type of account?
A) Crypto
B) Foreign
C) Bank
D) None
✅ Answer: C) Bank
62. Which body governs Aadhaar data protection?
A) UIDAI
B) TRAI
C) SEBI
D) RBI
✅ Answer: A) UIDAI
63. What is one major risk in digital governance?
A) Speed
B) Accessibility
C) Cyberattacks
D) Revenue
✅ Answer: C) Cyberattacks
64. Which government scheme ensures financial assistance via DBT?
A) MGNREGA
B) PM Kisan
C) PM Awas Yojana
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
65. What is the function of the National e-Governance Division (NeGD)?
A) Fund Aadhaar
B) Implement Digital India
C) Train farmers
D) Monitor mobile phones
✅ Answer: B) Implement Digital India
66. Which of the following is not a Digital India pillar?
A) e-Governance
B) Electronic Manufacturing
C) Paperwork Processing
D) IT for Jobs
✅ Answer: C) Paperwork Processing
67. What is the goal of e-Governance?
A) Manual administration
B) Faster, transparent services
C) Reduce transparency
D) Block technology
✅ Answer: B) Faster, transparent services
68. Which app is linked with health data under NDHM?
A) Aarogya Setu
B) eSanjeevani
C) NDHM App
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
69. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is linked with which platform?
A) UPI
B) Aadhaar
C) MyGov
D) DigiLocker
✅ Answer: B) Aadhaar
70. What is the aim of the National Digital Literacy Mission?
A) Teach coding
B) Digital education
C) Promote offline trade
D) E-commerce only
✅ Answer: B) Digital education
Here are 30 high-level objective MCQs (71 to 100) on E-Governance & Digital India, focusing on advanced concepts, applications, governance frameworks, policy integration, and strategic impact:
71. Which of the following frameworks governs data privacy under Digital India?
A) Indian Penal Code
B) IT Act 2000
C) Personal Data Protection Bill
D) Income Tax Act
✅ Answer: C) Personal Data Protection Bill
72. Aadhaar-based authentication is crucial for which of the following processes in India?
A) Voter registration only
B) Linking mobile numbers only
C) e-KYC, subsidy transfers, and digital identity
D) RTI filing
✅ Answer: C) e-KYC, subsidy transfers, and digital identity
73. Which principle of e-Governance focuses on re-engineering government processes to improve service delivery?
A) Integration
B) Efficiency
C) Process Simplification
D) Digital Identity
✅ Answer: C) Process Simplification
74. In the context of digital payments, what is the significance of tokenization?
A) Translates digital data
B) Stores banking details permanently
C) Protects card details by replacing them with unique codes
D) Encrypts emails only
✅ Answer: C) Protects card details by replacing them with unique codes
75. Which of the following is a key goal of the ‘Digital Locker’ system?
A) Reducing paper usage and enhancing document security
B) Storage for entertainment files
C) Marketing cloud space
D) Providing social media services
✅ Answer: A) Reducing paper usage and enhancing document security
76. What is the impact of the e-Governance portal ‘eOffice’?
A) Handles only citizen grievances
B) Fully automates internal government file movement and tracking
C) Connects government to citizens
D) Supports education sector
✅ Answer: B) Fully automates internal government file movement and tracking
77. The concept of Interoperability in e-Governance refers to:
A) Systems refusing to exchange data
B) Manual entries from multiple sources
C) Seamless integration between different government platforms
D) Running applications offline
✅ Answer: C) Seamless integration between different government platforms
78. In terms of Aadhaar authentication, what is the meaning of “e-KYC”?
A) Electronic Know Your Customer
B) Electronic Key for Cash
C) Easy Kiosk for Citizens
D) Email-based KYC
✅ Answer: A) Electronic Know Your Customer
79. The BHIM app operates using which financial technology protocol?
A) NEFT
B) UPI
C) RTGS
D) IMPS
✅ Answer: B) UPI
80. What does “JAM Trinity” stand for in Digital India strategy?
A) Job, Agriculture, Market
B) Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile
C) Justice, Administration, Money
D) Jobs and More
✅ Answer: B) Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile
81. In a digital governance ecosystem, “interoperability” is most challenged by:
A) Slow networks
B) Language barriers
C) Inconsistent data formats and legacy systems
D) Too many users
✅ Answer: C) Inconsistent data formats and legacy systems
82. The ‘IndiaStack’ is best described as:
A) Stack of Indian court files
B) Set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups to utilize digital infrastructure
C) A set of books
D) A farming software
✅ Answer: B) Set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups to utilize digital infrastructure
83. What is the core advantage of UPI over other digital payment systems?
A) Works only during banking hours
B) Instant settlement and interoperability across banks and apps
C) Only supports same-bank transfers
D) Uses Bluetooth
✅ Answer: B) Instant settlement and interoperability across banks and apps
84. The “Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP)” primarily focuses on:
A) Digitizing property tax
B) Modernizing agriculture
C) Creating an online repository of land ownership records
D) Water resources
✅ Answer: C) Creating an online repository of land ownership records
85. The PRAGATI platform is a:
A) Citizen complaint redressal system
B) Real-time project monitoring platform chaired by the Prime Minister
C) Health insurance scheme
D) State audit system
✅ Answer: B) Real-time project monitoring platform chaired by the Prime Minister
86. Which of the following digital identity features does Aadhaar not offer?
A) Biometrics
B) OTP authentication
C) Card swiping
D) Demographic details
✅ Answer: C) Card swiping
87. Which technology supports biometric Aadhaar verification in remote areas without internet?
A) QR code scanner
B) Offline Aadhaar XML/QR authentication
C) IRIS to IRIS transfer
D) SIM swap
✅ Answer: B) Offline Aadhaar XML/QR authentication
88. The success of digital governance highly depends on which factor?
A) High government spending
B) Free Wi-Fi only
C) Robust ICT infrastructure and digital literacy
D) Employment rate
✅ Answer: C) Robust ICT infrastructure and digital literacy
89. Which legal framework provides regulatory guidelines for digital signatures in India?
A) UIDAI Act
B) Information Technology Act, 2000
C) Data Mining Act
D) E-Commerce Act
✅ Answer: B) Information Technology Act, 2000
90. Which platform is considered India’s largest citizen engagement platform for governance?
A) MyGov
B) e-Shram
C) Bhuvan
D) Swachh Bharat App
✅ Answer: A) MyGov
91. What role does Aadhaar play in enhancing financial inclusion?
A) Limits cash transfers
B) Enables digital identity and KYC for opening bank accounts
C) Blocks new accounts
D) Tracks employment
✅ Answer: B) Enables digital identity and KYC for opening bank accounts
92. Which one of the following is a cloud platform used by the Government of India?
A) MegaCloud
B) DigiCloud
C) MeghRaj
D) BharatCloud
✅ Answer: C) MeghRaj
93. What is the key objective of the ‘Digital Village’ initiative?
A) Increase farming
B) Deliver government services and promote digital literacy in rural areas
C) Increase population
D) Control migration
✅ Answer: B) Deliver government services and promote digital literacy in rural areas
94. What is the ‘FASTag’ system used for?
A) School admissions
B) Land registration
C) Toll collection using RFID technology
D) Passport generation
✅ Answer: C) Toll collection using RFID technology
95. The term “e-Kranti” under Digital India refers to:
A) A health mission
B) A digital revolution in the delivery of public services electronically
C) An agricultural subsidy
D) An old-age pension scheme
✅ Answer: B) A digital revolution in the delivery of public services electronically
96. The concept of a paperless office is supported in India by which initiative?
A) NREGA
B) DigiLocker and eOffice
C) MyGov blogs
D) CoWIN
✅ Answer: B) DigiLocker and eOffice
97. What is the function of the e-Hospital portal?
A) Record weather
B) Maintain education records
C) Facilitate online appointments, lab reports, and medical services
D) Manufacture medicines
✅ Answer: C) Facilitate online appointments, lab reports, and medical services
98. What is the primary objective of the CoWIN portal?
A) Water supply
B) COVID-19 vaccine registration and monitoring
C) Wheat procurement
D) Education
✅ Answer: B) COVID-19 vaccine registration and monitoring
99. The e-Governance maturity model is used to measure:
A) Technology speed
B) Internet speed
C) Evolution of governance delivery through ICT stages
D) Smartphone prices
✅ Answer: C) Evolution of governance delivery through ICT stages
100. The term “Digital Divide” refers to:
A) Difference in physical development
B) Income differences
C) Gap between those who have access to digital services and those who do not
D) Climate variation
✅ Answer: C) Gap between those who have access to digital services and those who do not
E-Governance & Digital India: Key Concepts and Technologies
101. In the context of e-Governance, which of the following is a key feature of the “Interoperability” principle?
- a) Accessing services without the need for registration
- b) The ability of systems to work across different platforms and applications
- c) Direct user authentication via OTP
- d) None of the above
Answer: b) The ability of systems to work across different platforms and applications
102. What is the maximum limit of a transaction via UPI for a single user per day?
- a) ₹1,00,000
- b) ₹2,00,000
- c) ₹50,000
- d) ₹10,000
Answer: b) ₹2,00,000
103. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Digital Locker system under Digital India?
- a) Secure storage of documents
- b) Access to official documents from various government departments
- c) Direct payment of taxes through the system
- d) Sharing documents across platforms
Answer: c) Direct payment of taxes through the system
104. Which Indian state first implemented e-Governance to provide land record services to its citizens?
- a) Kerala
- b) Karnataka
- c) Gujarat
- d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: b) Karnataka
105. Under the Digital India initiative, the ‘DigiLocker’ system is primarily aimed at providing which of the following?
- a) Online job portal for government services
- b) Digital storage for government-issued documents
- c) Digital payments
- d) Online examination system
Answer: b) Digital storage for government-issued documents
Aadhaar and Digital Identification Systems
106. In the context of UPI, what is the role of a Virtual Payment Address (VPA)?
- a) It is a unique number used to track financial transactions
- b) It serves as the identifier for a customer in the UPI ecosystem
- c) It represents a biometric ID for transactions
- d) It is used to link multiple bank accounts
Answer: b) It serves as the identifier for a customer in the UPI ecosystem
107. The ‘Aadhaar Act 2016’ provides legal backing to Aadhaar and its use for authentication. Which of the following is true about the Act?
- a) It mandates every Indian citizen to obtain Aadhaar
- b) It allows the use of Aadhaar for opening bank accounts without consent
- c) It ensures that Aadhaar cannot be used for profiling citizens
- d) It allows the sharing of personal data for any commercial purpose
Answer: c) It ensures that Aadhaar cannot be used for profiling citizens
108. Which e-Governance initiative was designed to provide citizens with access to essential government services through mobile applications?
- a) e-Sign
- b) UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance)
- c) Digital Locker
- d) SWAYAM
Answer: b) UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance)
109. In the Aadhaar-based authentication system, which of the following is used to ensure secure verification?
- a) Mobile number linked with Aadhaar
- b) Biometric authentication (Fingerprint or Iris scan)
- c) Aadhar number alone
- d) OTP sent to the user’s registered email address
Answer: b) Biometric authentication (Fingerprint or Iris scan)
110. What is the primary challenge faced by Digital India in terms of accessibility in rural areas?
- a) Lack of awareness about digital tools
- b) Inadequate internet bandwidth and network infrastructure
- c) High costs of mobile devices
- d) All of the above
Answer: b) Inadequate internet bandwidth and network infrastructure
Government Digital Initiatives and Policies
111. The ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana’ (PMJDY) aims at financial inclusion by providing which of the following?
- a) Health insurance
- b) Zero balance bank accounts
- c) Free mobile phones
- d) Loan facilities for farmers
Answer: b) Zero balance bank accounts
112. Which of the following provides the technical infrastructure and legal framework for electronic payment services under the Digital India initiative?
- a) BHIM UPI
- b) National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
- c) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- d) Ministry of Finance
Answer: b) National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
113. The Aadhaar database is maintained by which of the following entities?
- a) UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)
- b) Ministry of Finance
- c) National Security Council
- d) Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: a) UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)
114. In e-Governance, which of the following technologies is essential for real-time online services to citizens?
- a) Cloud computing
- b) Data encryption
- c) Blockchain
- d) Artificial Intelligence
Answer: a) Cloud computing
115. The ‘Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan’ (PMGDISHA) focuses on which of the following objectives?
- a) Providing financial inclusion for rural citizens
- b) Enabling rural areas to use computers and digital devices
- c) Promoting e-commerce among rural citizens
- d) Providing digital payments infrastructure in villages
Answer: b) Enabling rural areas to use computers and digital devices
Digital Infrastructure and Payment Systems
116. What is the purpose of the ‘National e-Governance Plan’ (NeGP) in India?
- a) To streamline government operations for greater efficiency
- b) To bring government services to the doorstep of citizens via electronic modes
- c) To reduce unemployment in the country
- d) To replace traditional government functioning with digital services
Answer: b) To bring government services to the doorstep of citizens via electronic modes
117. Which of the following is a feature of the ‘BharatNet’ initiative under Digital India?
- a) Providing internet access to all government offices
- b) Connecting all villages with high-speed internet
- c) Providing free mobile phones to citizens
- d) Offering free Wi-Fi in all cities
Answer: b) Connecting all villages with high-speed internet
118. Which platform is used to transfer subsidies and benefits to the citizens directly under the Digital India scheme?
- a) Jan Dhan Yojana
- b) Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
- c) PMGDISHA
- d) Digital Locker
Answer: b) Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
119. What is the primary advantage of the ‘eSign’ service under Digital India?
- a) Allows users to sign documents digitally without physical presence
- b) Facilitates online transaction monitoring
- c) Provides biometric authentication for online services
- d) Allows access to encrypted government data
Answer: a) Allows users to sign documents digitally without physical presence
120. The ‘Digital India’ initiative aims to empower which of the following sectors?
- a) Rural development and governance
- b) Digital payments and banking
- c) Education, health, and government services
- d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
