Computer Networking (LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, WiFi, Bluetooth)

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Chapter: Computer Networking

Introduction to Computer Networking

Computer networking refers to the interconnection of multiple computing devices (such as computers, servers, routers, and switches) to share data and resources. These networks can be as small as two computers linked together or as large as millions of devices connected globally through the internet. Networking has transformed the way we communicate, share information, conduct business, and manage data.

Networking enables:

  • Communication via email, messaging, video calls
  • Data sharing across devices
  • Remote access to files and applications
  • Centralized data management
  • Enhanced productivity and collaboration

Let’s now explore the different types of networks and technologies used in modern computer networking.

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

Definition

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and other devices within a limited geographical area, such as an office, school, or home. It allows users to share files, printers, and internet connections.

Characteristics of LAN

  • Geographic Scope: Covers a small area (e.g., one building or campus)
  • High Data Transfer Rates: Typically up to 1 Gbps or higher
  • Ownership: Usually owned and managed by a single organization
  • Security: Easier to manage and secure due to limited area

Types of LAN

  1. Wired LAN: Uses Ethernet cables and switches to connect devices
  2. Wireless LAN (WLAN): Uses Wi-Fi technology for wireless connectivity

Components of LAN

  • Switch: Central device connecting multiple computers
  • Router: Connects the LAN to the internet
  • Network Interface Card (NIC): Hardware in each device for network access
  • Cables/Wi-Fi Access Points: Mediums for data transmission

Advantages of LAN

  • High speed
  • Low setup cost
  • Secure due to limited access
  • Easy file and resource sharing

Disadvantages of LAN

  • Limited to small areas
  • Requires maintenance
  • Performance degrades with increased users

2. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Definition

A Wide Area Network (WAN) spans a large geographical area, often a country or continent, and connects multiple smaller networks, such as LANs. The internet itself is the largest example of a WAN.

Characteristics of WAN

  • Large Geographical Scope: Cities, countries, even globally
  • Lower Speeds Compared to LAN: Varies depending on technologies used
  • Use of Public and Private Communication Links
  • Often Managed by Service Providers

Technologies Used in WAN

  • Leased Lines
  • Fiber Optics
  • Satellite Communication
  • Cellular Networks (4G, 5G)

Examples of WAN

  • Internet
  • Bank ATM networks
  • Corporate networks connecting multiple branch offices

Advantages of WAN

  • Connects remote locations
  • Supports global operations
  • Enables centralization of data

Disadvantages of WAN

  • Expensive to maintain
  • Complex setup
  • Lower security if not properly managed

3. Internet

Definition

The Internet is a massive global network that connects millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks. It enables users worldwide to communicate, access information, and share resources.

History of the Internet

  • 1960s: Originated as ARPANET by the U.S. Department of Defense
  • 1980s-1990s: Expanded through educational and research institutions
  • 1991: World Wide Web (WWW) launched
  • Today: Billions of users, supporting websites, emails, streaming, cloud services

Key Services Provided by the Internet

  • Email
  • Web browsing
  • Social networking
  • Online gaming
  • E-commerce
  • Cloud storage
  • Remote work tools (Zoom, Teams)

Basic Components

  • Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
  • Routers and Switches
  • Domain Name System (DNS)
  • IP Addressing (IPv4 and IPv6)

Benefits of the Internet

  • Global communication
  • Access to unlimited information
  • Online services and entertainment
  • E-learning and remote work

Concerns

  • Cybersecurity threats
  • Misinformation
  • Data privacy issues
  • Internet addiction

4. Intranet

Definition

An Intranet is a private network that is accessible only to an organization’s staff. It uses internet protocols (TCP/IP) but is restricted to internal users. It is often used to share company policies, documents, and communications.

Characteristics of Intranet

  • Restricted Access: Only for authorized personnel
  • Hosted Internally or in the Cloud
  • Secure and Monitored

Common Features

  • Document sharing
  • Internal communication (chat, forums)
  • Employee directories
  • Company announcements
  • Access to internal applications

Advantages of Intranet

  • Improved internal communication
  • Centralized access to documents
  • Enhanced collaboration
  • Secure internal environment

Disadvantages

  • Limited to internal use
  • Requires regular updates and maintenance
  • May become outdated without proper management

5. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Definition

Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the internet or a LAN using radio waves, typically within a range of 30-100 meters.

How Wi-Fi Works

  • Uses radio frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands)
  • Wi-Fi routers connect to a wired internet source and transmit signals wirelessly
  • Devices with Wi-Fi adapters receive and transmit signals

Wi-Fi Standards

  • IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax
  • Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax): Latest standard, offering faster speeds and better efficiency

Benefits of Wi-Fi

  • No need for physical cables
  • Mobility and flexibility
  • Easy setup and expansion
  • Supports multiple devices

Limitations

  • Limited range
  • Susceptible to interference (walls, other devices)
  • Lower security compared to wired networks
  • Speeds depend on signal strength and bandwidth

Wi-Fi Security

  • WPA2/WPA3 Encryption
  • MAC Address Filtering
  • Firewalls and Password Protection

6. Bluetooth

Definition

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology used to connect devices such as smartphones, wireless headphones, keyboards, and mice. It operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range.

Uses of Bluetooth

  • File sharing between devices
  • Wireless audio (earphones, speakers)
  • Connecting peripherals (mouse, keyboard)
  • Health devices (smartwatches, fitness bands)
  • IoT devices (home automation)

Bluetooth Versions

  • Bluetooth 1.0 to 5.3
  • Newer versions offer greater range, speed, and power efficiency

Working Principle

  • Uses radio waves to form a Personal Area Network (PAN)
  • Devices pair using unique identifiers and encryption keys
  • Typically works within 10 meters, up to 100 meters for newer versions

Advantages

  • Simple and fast connection
  • Low energy consumption
  • Ideal for short-range communication
  • Compatible with most modern devices

Disadvantages

  • Limited range and data transfer speed
  • Interference with Wi-Fi
  • Security concerns (unauthorized access)

Comparative Table: LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

FeatureLANWANInternetIntranetWi-FiBluetooth
Area CoveredSmall (building)Large (countries/globally)GlobalLimited to organizationMedium (30–100 m)Short (10–100 m)
OwnershipPrivatePublic/PrivatePublicPrivatePrivate/Home/OfficePersonal
SpeedHigh (up to 1 Gbps)ModerateVariesHigh (internal use)Moderate to HighLow to Moderate
TechnologyEthernet/Wi-FiFiber, satellite, leasedFiber optics, broadbandWeb portals, apps802.11 standards2.4 GHz Radio, BLE
AccessibilityLimitedWide/RemoteEveryoneAuthorized Users OnlyWithin Wi-Fi rangePaired Devices Only

Here’s the revised Computer Networking MCQs with answers and options clearly marked:

1–25: Basics of Networking

  1. Which of the following is a computer network?
    • A) Two computers connected via cable
    • B) A group of people in a room
    • C) A person reading a book
    • D) A printer
    • Answer: A) Two computers connected via cable
  2. What does LAN stand for?
    • A) Local Area Network
    • B) Long Area Network
    • C) Light Area Network
    • D) Logical Area Network
    • Answer: A) Local Area Network
  3. What is the main purpose of a computer network?
    • A) Word processing
    • B) Data sharing
    • C) Printing
    • D) Painting
    • Answer: B) Data sharing
  4. A WAN connects:
    • A) Devices in one room
    • B) Devices across the world
    • C) Devices within a building
    • D) Two smartphones only
    • Answer: B) Devices across the world
  5. The internet is an example of a:
    • A) LAN
    • B) MAN
    • C) WAN
    • D) PAN
    • Answer: C) WAN
  6. Which device connects a LAN to the internet?
    • A) Switch
    • B) Printer
    • C) Router
    • D) Monitor
    • Answer: C) Router
  7. Intranet is:
    • A) Public
    • B) Private
    • C) Global
    • D) Non-electronic
    • Answer: B) Private
  8. What does Wi-Fi use to transmit data?
    • A) Optical cables
    • B) Electric current
    • C) Radio waves
    • D) Copper wires
    • Answer: C) Radio waves
  9. Which of the following is a short-range wireless communication?
    • A) Wi-Fi
    • B) Ethernet
    • C) Bluetooth
    • D) Intranet
    • Answer: C) Bluetooth
  10. Which of these provides the highest data transfer rate?
    • A) Bluetooth
    • B) Ethernet
    • C) Wi-Fi
    • D) Intranet
    • Answer: B) Ethernet

11–50: Networking Technologies and Devices

  1. What is the maximum range of Wi-Fi?
  • A) 50 meters
  • B) 100 meters
  • C) 200 meters
  • D) 500 meters
  • Answer: B) 100 meters
  1. Which of these is used to connect multiple devices in a LAN?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Switch
  • C) Router
  • D) Modem
  • Answer: B) Switch
  1. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing?
  • A) Application layer
  • B) Transport layer
  • C) Network layer
  • D) Data link layer
  • Answer: C) Network layer
  1. Which of the following is a public network?
  • A) LAN
  • B) Intranet
  • C) WAN
  • D) VPN
  • Answer: C) WAN
  1. What is the main function of a router in a network?
  • A) Directs data within a single LAN
  • B) Provides security to the network
  • C) Routes data between different networks
  • D) Provides a wireless connection
  • Answer: C) Routes data between different networks
  1. Which of the following is NOT a type of network topology?
  • A) Star
  • B) Ring
  • C) Triangle
  • D) Bus
  • Answer: C) Triangle
  1. What does the acronym DNS stand for?
  • A) Domain Network Service
  • B) Domain Name Server
  • C) Dynamic Network System
  • D) Direct Network Server
  • Answer: B) Domain Name Server
  1. Which of these uses the Internet Protocol to assign unique addresses?
  • A) MAC Address
  • B) IP Address
  • C) Bluetooth Address
  • D) Serial Number
  • Answer: B) IP Address
  1. What type of cable is used in Ethernet networks?
  • A) Fiber optic
  • B) Coaxial cable
  • C) Twisted pair cable
  • D) HDMI cable
  • Answer: C) Twisted pair cable
  1. Which protocol is responsible for sending emails across the internet?
  • A) FTP
  • B) SMTP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) SNMP
  • Answer: B) SMTP
  1. What does HTTP stand for?
  • A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  • B) High Transfer Text Protocol
  • C) Hyper Transfer Text Protocol
  • D) None of the above
  • Answer: A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  1. Which of the following is NOT a type of network classification?
  • A) LAN
  • B) WAN
  • C) MAN
  • D) PAN
  • Answer: D) PAN
  1. Which of these frequencies is used by Wi-Fi?
  • A) 1.2 GHz
  • B) 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
  • C) 7.5 GHz
  • D) 10.2 GHz
  • Answer: B) 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
  1. Which of the following devices is used to repeat a signal in a network?
  • A) Switch
  • B) Repeater
  • C) Hub
  • D) Modem
  • Answer: B) Repeater
  1. Which of the following is true about Bluetooth?
  • A) It has a range of up to 100 meters
  • B) It uses infrared waves
  • C) It operates at the frequency of 2.4 GHz
  • D) It can only connect two devices
  • Answer: C) It operates at the frequency of 2.4 GHz
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of fiber optic cables over copper cables?
  • A) Higher speed
  • B) Lower cost
  • C) Less interference
  • D) Both A and C
  • Answer: D) Both A and C
  1. Which of the following is an example of a wireless network?
  • A) Ethernet
  • B) Wi-Fi
  • C) Fiber Optic
  • D) DSL
  • Answer: B) Wi-Fi
  1. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for data encryption?
  • A) Physical layer
  • B) Application layer
  • C) Presentation layer
  • D) Session layer
  • Answer: C) Presentation layer
  1. Which of the following defines the function of a firewall in a network?
  • A) To increase network speed
  • B) To filter and control incoming and outgoing traffic
  • C) To connect devices
  • D) To assign IP addresses
  • Answer: B) To filter and control incoming and outgoing traffic
  1. What is the main purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
  • A) To connect multiple LANs
  • B) To allow private, secure connections over the internet
  • C) To provide a wireless network
  • D) To manage IP addresses
  • Answer: B) To allow private, secure connections over the internet
  1. Which of the following is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network?
  • A) Encryption
  • B) VPN
  • C) Firewall
  • D) Switch
  • Answer: C) Firewall
  1. Which protocol is used to ensure reliable data transmission in a network?
  • A) UDP
  • B) IP
  • C) TCP
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: C) TCP
  1. Which of the following is an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN)?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) Ethernet
  • C) Token Ring
  • D) DSL
  • Answer: A) Wi-Fi
  1. What is the purpose of a DNS server?
  • A) To store IP addresses
  • B) To encrypt data
  • C) To convert domain names to IP addresses
  • D) To send emails
  • Answer: C) To convert domain names to IP addresses
  1. What does the term “bandwidth” refer to in networking?
  • A) The maximum number of devices on a network
  • B) The speed at which data is transmitted over a network
  • C) The distance a signal can travel
  • D) The number of packets sent over a network
  • Answer: B) The speed at which data is transmitted over a network
  1. Which device is used to connect different networks and direct data between them?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Router
  • C) Switch
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: B) Router
  1. Which of the following is a commonly used cable in networking?
  • A) USB
  • B) VGA
  • C) HDMI
  • D) RJ45
  • Answer: D) RJ45
  1. Which of the following is an example of an IP address format?
  • A) 192.168.1.1
  • B) www.google.com
  • C) 01-23-45-67-89-AB
  • D) 3.14.15
  • Answer: A) 192.168.1.1
  1. Which type of network would most likely use Bluetooth technology?
  • A) LAN
  • B) WAN
  • C) PAN
  • D) MAN
  • Answer: C) PAN
  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a bus topology?
  • A) All devices are connected to a single central hub
  • B) Devices are connected in a circular fashion
  • C) Devices are connected to a single shared communication line
  • D) Devices are connected in a tree structure
  • Answer: C) Devices are connected to a single shared communication line
  1. Which of the following refers to a virtual private network (VPN)?
  • A) A private network accessible only by authorized users
  • B) A type of firewall used to protect a network
  • C) A network connecting all devices within a building
  • D) A type of wireless connection
  • Answer: A) A private network accessible only by authorized users
  1. Which of the following protocols is used to retrieve email messages from a mail server?
  • A) SMTP
  • B) FTP
  • C) POP3
  • D) DHCP
  • Answer: C) POP3
  1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?
  • A) Covers a large geographic area
  • B) Connects LANs within a city or town
  • C) Provides high-speed data transfer
  • D) Typically operated by a service provider
  • Answer: A) Covers a large geographic area
  1. What type of cable is used for high-speed data transmission in long-distance networks?
  • A) Fiber optic cable
  • B) Coaxial cable
  • C) Twisted pair cable
  • D) Ethernet cable
  • Answer: A) Fiber optic cable
  1. What is the function of a modem in a home network?
  • A) To increase the range of the network
  • B) To convert digital data into analog signals and vice versa
  • C) To manage network security
  • D) To route data between devices
  • Answer: B) To convert digital data into analog signals and vice versa
  1. Which of the following is used to detect faults in a network?
  • A) Protocol analyzer
  • B) Hub
  • C) Switch
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: A) Protocol analyzer
  1. Which network topology uses a central device to which all other devices are connected?
  • A) Bus topology
  • B) Ring topology
  • C) Star topology
  • D) Mesh topology
  • Answer: C) Star topology
  1. What does DHCP stand for in networking?
  • A) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • B) Dynamic High-speed Communication Protocol
  • C) Direct Host Communication Protocol
  • D) Digital Host Configuration Protocol
  • Answer: A) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  1. Which of these devices operates at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model?
  • A) Router
  • B) Switch
  • C) Hub
  • D) Gateway
  • Answer: B) Switch
  1. Which of these is a commonly used wireless communication technology?
  • A) Ethernet
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) USB
  • D) VGA
  • Answer: B) Bluetooth

51–100: Advanced Networking Concepts and Devices

  1. Which of the following is NOT a type of transmission medium?
  • A) Fiber optic cable
  • B) Wireless radio waves
  • C) Coaxial cable
  • D) Router
  • Answer: D) Router
  1. Which of the following is true about IPv6 addresses?
  • A) IPv6 uses 32-bit addresses
  • B) IPv6 is shorter than IPv4 addresses
  • C) IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses
  • D) IPv6 is no longer in use
  • Answer: C) IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses
  1. Which of these is a disadvantage of using wireless networks?
  • A) High speed
  • B) Interference from other devices
  • C) Greater security
  • D) Easier setup
  • Answer: B) Interference from other devices
  1. What is the maximum data transfer rate of a Gigabit Ethernet?
  • A) 100 Mbps
  • B) 1 Gbps
  • C) 10 Gbps
  • D) 10 Mbps
  • Answer: B) 1 Gbps
  1. What does a VPN use to ensure secure communication?
  • A) Encryption
  • B) IP Addressing
  • C) Firewall
  • D) Load balancing
  • Answer: A) Encryption
  1. Which of these topologies is used in a wireless network?
  • A) Star topology
  • B) Ring topology
  • C) Bus topology
  • D) Mesh topology
  • Answer: A) Star topology
  1. Which device amplifies or regenerates the signal in a network to extend the range?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Switch
  • C) Repeater
  • D) Router
  • Answer: C) Repeater
  1. Which of the following protocols is used to assign dynamic IP addresses?
  • A) SMTP
  • B) DHCP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) FTP
  • Answer: B) DHCP
  1. What is a MAC address?
  • A) A network address that identifies a device on a network
  • B) A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server
  • C) A protocol used for secure communication
  • D) A standard used for encoding data
  • Answer: A) A network address that identifies a device on a network
  1. Which of these protocols is used for secure communication over the internet?
  • A) HTTP
  • B) FTP
  • C) HTTPS
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: C) HTTPS
  1. Which type of network topology is most commonly used in home networks?
  • A) Mesh topology
  • B) Star topology
  • C) Bus topology
  • D) Ring topology
  • Answer: B) Star topology
  1. Which of the following is a common port for HTTP traffic?
  • A) 21
  • B) 22
  • C) 80
  • D) 443
  • Answer: C) 80
  1. Which of the following is the primary function of an OSI layer?
  • A) To store data
  • B) To encrypt data
  • C) To divide network communication into smaller tasks
  • D) To provide power to the devices
  • Answer: C) To divide network communication into smaller tasks
  1. What is the primary function of the Data Link Layer?
  • A) To route data between different networks
  • B) To control access to the transmission medium
  • C) To encrypt data
  • D) To transfer data packets across different networks
  • Answer: B) To control access to the transmission medium
  1. Which type of wireless network is used to connect a small personal area?
  • A) WLAN
  • B) PAN
  • C) MAN
  • D) WAN
  • Answer: B) PAN
  1. What is the primary function of a switch in a network?
  • A) To forward data between different networks
  • B) To divide network traffic into smaller segments
  • C) To connect devices within the same network segment
  • D) To assign IP addresses
  • Answer: C) To connect devices within the same network segment
  1. What is the maximum length of a CAT5 Ethernet cable?
  • A) 100 meters
  • B) 200 meters
  • C) 500 meters
  • D) 50 meters
  • Answer: A) 100 meters
  1. Which of the following is a type of wireless communication technology?
  • A) 5G
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) Wi-Fi
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is a Layer 3 device?
  • A) Router
  • B) Switch
  • C) Repeater
  • D) Hub
  • Answer: A) Router
  1. Which of the following is an example of a broadband network technology?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) DSL
  • D) Token Ring
  • Answer: C) DSL
  1. Which of the following is used to connect multiple LANs across a city?
  • A) Ethernet
  • B) VPN
  • C) MAN
  • D) WAN
  • Answer: C) MAN
  1. Which type of network is typically used for sharing resources like printers and file servers in a small office?
  • A) MAN
  • B) PAN
  • C) WAN
  • D) LAN
  • Answer: D) LAN
  1. Which of the following is a benefit of using fiber optic cables in networking?
  • A) Less interference
  • B) More secure
  • C) Higher bandwidth
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following technologies allows users to connect to the internet via a wireless network?
  • A) Bluetooth
  • B) Wi-Fi
  • C) Ethernet
  • D) DSL
  • Answer: B) Wi-Fi
  1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the OSI model?
  • A) Physical layer
  • B) Transport layer
  • C) Application layer
  • D) Internet layer
  • Answer: D) Internet layer
  1. Which protocol is responsible for converting domain names into IP addresses?
  • A) HTTP
  • B) DNS
  • C) DHCP
  • D) FTP
  • Answer: B) DNS
  1. Which of the following is an example of a public key encryption algorithm?
  • A) AES
  • B) RSA
  • C) DES
  • D) 3DES
  • Answer: B) RSA
  1. Which of the following is a common IP address range for a private network?
  • A) 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
  • B) 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
  • C) 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. What is the main function of the Application layer in the OSI model?
  • A) Data transmission
  • B) Encryption
  • C) User interaction with network services
  • D) Error correction
  • Answer: C) User interaction with network services
  1. Which of the following is used for routing data across the internet?
  • A) IP address
  • B) MAC address
  • C) HTTP
  • D) URL
  • Answer: A) IP address
  1. What is the maximum speed of Bluetooth 5.0?
  • A) 1 Mbps
  • B) 3 Mbps
  • C) 5 Mbps
  • D) 2 Mbps
  • Answer: C) 5 Mbps
  1. What is the primary purpose of the transport layer in the OSI model?
  • A) Error handling
  • B) Packet forwarding
  • C) End-to-end communication
  • D) Encryption
  • Answer: C) End-to-end communication
  1. Which of the following devices is used to divide collision domains in a network?
  • A) Switch
  • B) Router
  • C) Hub
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: A) Switch
  1. Which of the following is a device that connects two different networks and filters traffic between them?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Gateway
  • C) Switch
  • D) Router
  • Answer: B) Gateway
  1. Which wireless technology is commonly used for IoT (Internet of Things) devices?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) Zigbee
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is used to prevent unauthorized access in a wireless network?
  • A) SSID
  • B) WEP
  • C) VPN
  • D) Both A and B
  • Answer: D) Both A and B
  1. Which of these is an example of a Layer 2 device?
  • A) Switch
  • B) Router
  • C) Hub
  • D) Gateway
  • Answer: A) Switch
  1. Which technology is primarily used to extend the range of wireless networks?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Bridge
  • C) Repeater
  • D) Switch
  • Answer: C) Repeater
  1. Which type of network uses satellite communication?
  • A) LAN
  • B) MAN
  • C) WAN
  • D) PAN
  • Answer: C) WAN
  1. Which protocol is used to securely transfer files over a network?
  • A) FTP
  • B) SSH
  • C) SFTP
  • D) HTTP
  • Answer: C) SFTP

91–150: Advanced Networking Concepts and Protocols

  1. Which of the following is a feature of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
  • A) Provides secure communication
  • B) Allows routing of data between networks
  • C) Provides encryption of data
  • D) Handles error correction
  • Answer: B) Allows routing of data between networks
  1. What does the acronym LAN stand for?
  • A) Large Area Network
  • B) Local Area Network
  • C) Long-range Access Network
  • D) Low Access Network
  • Answer: B) Local Area Network
  1. Which of the following is a function of a firewall?
  • A) Encrypt data
  • B) Block unauthorized access to a network
  • C) Transfer files between systems
  • D) Resolve domain names
  • Answer: B) Block unauthorized access to a network
  1. Which of the following is used to uniquely identify a device on a network?
  • A) IP Address
  • B) MAC Address
  • C) DNS Name
  • D) Host Name
  • Answer: B) MAC Address
  1. Which of the following is a type of public network?
  • A) LAN
  • B) MAN
  • C) WAN
  • D) PAN
  • Answer: C) WAN
  1. What does the term ‘subnet mask’ refer to in IP networking?
  • A) Identifies the network portion of an IP address
  • B) Specifies the location of a DNS server
  • C) Restricts access to a particular network
  • D) Defines the range of private IP addresses
  • Answer: A) Identifies the network portion of an IP address
  1. Which of the following is used to assign IP addresses dynamically?
  • A) DNS
  • B) DHCP
  • C) ARP
  • D) ICMP
  • Answer: B) DHCP
  1. Which of the following technologies uses radio waves for data transmission?
  • A) Ethernet
  • B) Fiber optics
  • C) Wi-Fi
  • D) Coaxial cables
  • Answer: C) Wi-Fi
  1. Which of the following protocols works at the transport layer of the OSI model?
  • A) IP
  • B) TCP
  • C) Ethernet
  • D) DNS
  • Answer: B) TCP
  1. Which of the following is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL)?
  • A) ADSL
  • B) VDSL
  • C) SDSL
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. What does the acronym ‘HTTP’ stand for?
  • A) HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • B) HyperText Transmission Protocol
  • C) Hyper Transfer Text Protocol
  • D) HyperText Terminal Protocol
  • Answer: A) HyperText Transfer Protocol
  1. What is the default port number for HTTPS?
  • A) 80
  • B) 443
  • C) 21
  • D) 25
  • Answer: B) 443
  1. Which of the following is NOT a type of network topology?
  • A) Mesh
  • B) Star
  • C) Linear
  • D) Ring
  • Answer: C) Linear
  1. What does the acronym ‘SSID’ stand for in Wi-Fi networks?
  • A) Service Set Identification
  • B) Secure Service Identification
  • C) Secure Set Identification
  • D) Service Set Identity
  • Answer: A) Service Set Identification
  1. Which of the following is used to improve network speed by dividing traffic into smaller packets?
  • A) Fragmentation
  • B) Routing
  • C) Switching
  • D) Subnetting
  • Answer: A) Fragmentation
  1. What is the main purpose of the ARP protocol?
  • A) Resolve domain names to IP addresses
  • B) Translate IP addresses to MAC addresses
  • C) Forward data between different networks
  • D) Create secure connections between networks
  • Answer: B) Translate IP addresses to MAC addresses
  1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
  • A) IP
  • B) TCP
  • C) UDP
  • D) HTTP
  • Answer: D) HTTP
  1. Which of the following technologies is used for peer-to-peer communication?
  • A) TCP/IP
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) Ethernet
  • D) Wi-Fi
  • Answer: B) Bluetooth
  1. Which of the following is used to detect errors in data transmission?
  • A) Checksums
  • B) IP addresses
  • C) Firewalls
  • D) Routers
  • Answer: A) Checksums
  1. What is the main function of the OSI model’s presentation layer?
  • A) Establish, maintain, and terminate communication
  • B) Translate data formats
  • C) Ensure end-to-end communication
  • D) Control data flow
  • Answer: B) Translate data formats
  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a private IP address?
  • A) Can be used to connect directly to the internet
  • B) Cannot be routed over the internet
  • C) Is assigned by the ISP
  • D) Is used for web hosting
  • Answer: B) Cannot be routed over the internet
  1. Which of the following layers is responsible for data compression in the OSI model?
  • A) Application layer
  • B) Transport layer
  • C) Presentation layer
  • D) Network layer
  • Answer: C) Presentation layer
  1. Which of the following is NOT a type of wireless communication?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) ZigBee
  • C) Bluetooth
  • D) DSL
  • Answer: D) DSL
  1. Which of the following protocols is used for sending email?
  • A) FTP
  • B) POP3
  • C) IMAP
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: D) SMTP
  1. What is the primary function of a router?
  • A) Connect different networks
  • B) Filter traffic between devices on the same network
  • C) Forward data within the same network
  • D) Amplify network signals
  • Answer: A) Connect different networks
  1. Which type of cable is commonly used for high-speed broadband connections?
  • A) Coaxial cable
  • B) Fiber optic cable
  • C) Twisted pair cable
  • D) USB cable
  • Answer: B) Fiber optic cable
  1. Which of the following wireless standards is used for long-range communication?
  • A) Bluetooth
  • B) Wi-Fi
  • C) ZigBee
  • D) LoRa
  • Answer: D) LoRa
  1. Which of the following is the most common way of assigning an IP address to a device in a network?
  • A) DHCP
  • B) DNS
  • C) ARP
  • D) NAT
  • Answer: A) DHCP
  1. Which of the following types of cables has the highest data transfer speed?
  • A) Cat5
  • B) Cat6
  • C) Cat7
  • D) Coaxial
  • Answer: C) Cat7
  1. Which of the following services does a proxy server provide?
  • A) Acts as a firewall
  • B) Provides file sharing
  • C) Filters and forwards client requests
  • D) Routes traffic between networks
  • Answer: C) Filters and forwards client requests
  1. Which of the following layers is responsible for routing decisions in the OSI model?
  • A) Physical layer
  • B) Network layer
  • C) Transport layer
  • D) Data Link layer
  • Answer: B) Network layer
  1. Which protocol is used for transferring web pages across the internet?
  • A) HTTP
  • B) SMTP
  • C) FTP
  • D) IMAP
  • Answer: A) HTTP
  1. Which type of network is most commonly used for connecting devices in a small geographical area, like a home?
  • A) LAN
  • B) MAN
  • C) WAN
  • D) PAN
  • Answer: A) LAN
  1. Which of the following protocols is used for securing data on the internet?
  • A) HTTPS
  • B) HTTP
  • C) FTP
  • D) DNS
  • Answer: A) HTTPS
  1. Which of the following is true about the NAT (Network Address Translation)?
  • A) It maps private IP addresses to public IP addresses
  • B) It is used for assigning IP addresses dynamically
  • C) It translates domain names to IP addresses
  • D) It forwards data between different networks
  • Answer: A) It maps private IP addresses to public IP addresses
  1. Which of the following is an example of a connection-oriented protocol?
  • A) UDP
  • B) IP
  • C) TCP
  • D) ICMP
  • Answer: C) TCP
  1. Which of the following is used to track the status of active connections in a network?
  • A) TCP
  • B) IP
  • C) UDP
  • D) DNS
  • Answer: A) TCP
  1. What does the term ‘bandwidth’ refer to in networking?
  • A) The amount of data transmitted per unit of time
  • B) The physical connection between devices
  • C) The quality of the network signal
  • D) The type of data transmitted
  • Answer: A) The amount of data transmitted per unit of time
  1. What does the acronym ‘SMTP’ stand for?
  • A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  • B) Secure Mail Transfer Protocol
  • C) Simple Message Transfer Protocol
  • D) Secure Message Transfer Protocol
  • Answer: A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  1. Which of the following is used for voice communication over the internet?
  • A) HTTP
  • B) VoIP
  • C) FTP
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: B) VoIP
  1. Which of the following is a private network that uses the internet to securely connect remote offices?
  • A) WAN
  • B) VPN
  • C) LAN
  • D) MAN
  • Answer: B) VPN
  1. Which of the following is an example of a Layer 3 device?
  • A) Router
  • B) Switch
  • C) Hub
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: A) Router
  1. Which protocol provides connectionless communication between applications?
  • A) TCP
  • B) UDP
  • C) ICMP
  • D) HTTP
  • Answer: B) UDP
  1. Which of the following devices can be used to convert digital signals to analog signals for communication over a telephone line?
  • A) Modem
  • B) Router
  • C) Switch
  • D) Hub
  • Answer: A) Modem
  1. Which of the following is used to forward packets from one network to another?
  • A) Switch
  • B) Hub
  • C) Router
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: C) Router

136–200: Advanced Networking Concepts and Protocols

  1. Which of the following is a type of network address translation (NAT)?
  • A) Static NAT
  • B) Dynamic NAT
  • C) PAT (Port Address Translation)
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following types of cables is most commonly used for short-distance data transmission in a LAN?
  • A) Fiber optic
  • B) Coaxial
  • C) Twisted pair
  • D) HDMI
  • Answer: C) Twisted pair
  1. What does the acronym ‘SSID’ refer to in wireless networks?
  • A) Secure Service Identification
  • B) Service Set Identification
  • C) System Set Identification
  • D) Secure Session Identification
  • Answer: B) Service Set Identification
  1. Which of the following is used to assign a domain name to an IP address?
  • A) DNS
  • B) HTTP
  • C) FTP
  • D) DHCP
  • Answer: A) DNS
  1. Which protocol is used to determine the MAC address of a device from its IP address?
  • A) ARP
  • B) DHCP
  • C) ICMP
  • D) DNS
  • Answer: A) ARP
  1. Which of the following is a technique used in wireless communication to separate data streams?
  • A) Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • B) Time Division Multiplexing
  • C) Code Division Multiplexing
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is a standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN)?
  • A) Bluetooth
  • B) Wi-Fi
  • C) ZigBee
  • D) NFC
  • Answer: B) Wi-Fi
  1. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing and forwarding packets?
  • A) Data Link
  • B) Network
  • C) Transport
  • D) Application
  • Answer: B) Network
  1. What is the maximum speed of a Category 6 (Cat 6) Ethernet cable?
  • A) 1 Gbps
  • B) 10 Gbps
  • C) 100 Gbps
  • D) 40 Gbps
  • Answer: B) 10 Gbps
  1. Which of the following protocols is used for remote login to another computer over a network?
  • A) FTP
  • B) HTTP
  • C) SSH
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: C) SSH
  1. Which of the following is used to ensure secure communication between a client and server over the internet?
  • A) HTTPS
  • B) FTP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) Telnet
  • Answer: A) HTTPS
  1. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
  • A) IPv4 uses 128-bit addresses, whereas IPv6 uses 32-bit addresses
  • B) IPv4 is not routable, whereas IPv6 is
  • C) IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses
  • D) IPv4 is faster than IPv6
  • Answer: C) IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses
  1. Which of the following devices works at the Data Link layer?
  • A) Router
  • B) Switch
  • C) Hub
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: B) Switch
  1. What does the term ‘ping’ refer to in networking?
  • A) A command used to test network connectivity
  • B) A type of network cable
  • C) A routing protocol
  • D) A security mechanism
  • Answer: A) A command used to test network connectivity
  1. Which of the following is a secure version of the FTP protocol?
  • A) SSH
  • B) FTPS
  • C) SFTP
  • D) Both B and C
  • Answer: D) Both B and C
  1. Which of the following wireless communication standards is primarily used for short-range communication?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) ZigBee
  • D) NFC
  • Answer: B) Bluetooth
  1. Which of the following protocols is used for sending data to multiple recipients in a network?
  • A) Unicast
  • B) Broadcast
  • C) Multicast
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: C) Multicast
  1. Which of the following defines a network’s boundary by restricting access to only authorized users?
  • A) Firewall
  • B) Router
  • C) Switch
  • D) Hub
  • Answer: A) Firewall
  1. Which of the following is used to extend the range of a Wi-Fi network?
  • A) Repeater
  • B) Bridge
  • C) Switch
  • D) Router
  • Answer: A) Repeater
  1. What does ‘NAT’ stand for in networking?
  • A) Network Address Translation
  • B) Network Access Terminal
  • C) Node Address Translation
  • D) Network Automatic Transport
  • Answer: A) Network Address Translation
  1. Which of the following protocols operates at the application layer of the OSI model?
  • A) TCP
  • B) UDP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) IP
  • Answer: C) HTTP
  1. Which of the following is a key feature of IPv6?
  • A) 32-bit address
  • B) NAT support
  • C) Larger address space
  • D) Less security
  • Answer: C) Larger address space
  1. What is the purpose of a DNS (Domain Name System)?
  • A) To resolve IP addresses into domain names
  • B) To provide IP addresses to devices
  • C) To secure communication between two devices
  • D) To encrypt network traffic
  • Answer: A) To resolve IP addresses into domain names
  1. Which of the following is a standard for wireless personal area networks?
  • A) Wi-Fi
  • B) Bluetooth
  • C) NFC
  • D) LTE
  • Answer: B) Bluetooth
  1. Which of the following is used to resolve domain names to IP addresses?
  • A) DHCP
  • B) ARP
  • C) DNS
  • D) NAT
  • Answer: C) DNS
  1. Which protocol is used to translate human-readable domain names to IP addresses?
  • A) DNS
  • B) DHCP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) FTP
  • Answer: A) DNS
  1. Which of the following is a routing protocol used in large networks?
  • A) RIP
  • B) OSPF
  • C) EIGRP
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is the key function of a router in a network?
  • A) To amplify signals
  • B) To connect networks and route data packets
  • C) To convert digital signals to analog signals
  • D) To establish wireless communication
  • Answer: B) To connect networks and route data packets
  1. What does the acronym ‘MAC’ stand for in networking?
  • A) Medium Access Control
  • B) Machine Access Control
  • C) Media Access Control
  • D) Multi Access Control
  • Answer: C) Media Access Control
  1. Which of the following is used to connect multiple devices in a star topology?
  • A) Hub
  • B) Switch
  • C) Router
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: B) Switch
  1. Which of the following protocols is used for secure remote access to a system?
  • A) Telnet
  • B) SSH
  • C) FTP
  • D) SMTP
  • Answer: B) SSH
  1. Which of the following is a popular file-sharing protocol?
  • A) FTP
  • B) HTTP
  • C) SMTP
  • D) DHCP
  • Answer: A) FTP
  1. Which of the following layers is responsible for packet forwarding?
  • A) Physical layer
  • B) Data Link layer
  • C) Network layer
  • D) Transport layer
  • Answer: C) Network layer
  1. Which of the following is an example of a non-routable IP address?
  • A) 10.0.0.1
  • B) 192.168.1.1
  • C) 172.16.0.1
  • D) 8.8.8.8
  • Answer: A) 10.0.0.1
  1. Which of the following is used to divide a network into multiple subnets?
  • A) Subnet mask
  • B) NAT
  • C) VLAN
  • D) Routing protocol
  • Answer: A) Subnet mask
  1. Which of the following is the maximum transmission speed of Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)?
  • A) 1.5 Gbps
  • B) 10 Gbps
  • C) 9.6 Gbps
  • D) 5 Gbps
  • Answer: C) 9.6 Gbps
  1. What is the function of a proxy server in a network?
  • A) To forward client requests to another server
  • B) To connect networks together
  • C) To route packets between networks
  • D) To monitor and control network traffic
  • Answer: A) To forward client requests to another server
  1. Which of the following is used to encrypt data over the internet?
  • A) HTTPS
  • B) HTTP
  • C) DNS
  • D) FTP
  • Answer: A) HTTPS
  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of fiber optic cables?
  • A) High bandwidth
  • B) Short range
  • C) Prone to interference
  • D) Uses electrical signals
  • Answer: A) High bandwidth
  1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
  • A) TCP
  • B) UDP
  • C) IP
  • D) SFTP
  • Answer: D) SFTP
  1. Which of the following is a private IP address range?
  • A) 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
  • B) 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
  • C) 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is the primary function of the transport layer?
  • A) Ensure reliable data transfer
  • B) Addressing and routing of packets
  • C) Data encryption
  • D) Physical transmission of data
  • Answer: A) Ensure reliable data transfer
  1. Which of the following is a Class B IP address?
  • A) 192.168.0.1
  • B) 172.16.0.1
  • C) 10.0.0.1
  • D) 255.255.255.255
  • Answer: B) 172.16.0.1
  1. Which of the following is a connectionless protocol?
  • A) TCP
  • B) UDP
  • C) IP
  • D) ICMP
  • Answer: B) UDP
  1. Which of the following is used to avoid collisions in Ethernet networks?
  • A) CSMA/CD
  • B) Token passing
  • C) ARP
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: A) CSMA/CD
  1. Which of the following is the main advantage of IPv6 over IPv4?
  • A) Faster transmission speed
  • B) Larger address space
  • C) Lower cost
  • D) More secure
  • Answer: B) Larger address space
  1. Which of the following is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network?
  • A) Encryption
  • B) VPN
  • C) Firewall
  • D) Proxy
  • Answer: C) Firewall
  1. Which of the following is a method of establishing a virtual connection between two devices over the internet?
  • A) VPN
  • B) HTTP
  • C) ARP
  • D) ICMP
  • Answer: A) VPN
  1. Which of the following technologies is used to divide a physical network into virtual networks?
  • A) VLAN
  • B) NAT
  • C) DNS
  • D) ARP
  • Answer: A) VLAN
  1. Which of the following protocols is responsible for delivering email to the recipient’s inbox?
  • A) SMTP
  • B) POP3
  • C) IMAP
  • D) FTP
  • Answer: B) POP3
  1. Which of the following is a popular method for authenticating users on a network?
  • A) Passwords
  • B) Biometrics
  • C) Two-factor authentication
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which type of address is used by devices in a Wi-Fi network to communicate with each other?
  • A) MAC Address
  • B) IP Address
  • C) DNS Name
  • D) Port Number
  • Answer: A) MAC Address
  1. Which of the following is true about a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
  • A) It allows for private communication over public networks
  • B) It is only available in corporate environments
  • C) It uses public IP addresses for security
  • D) It does not require encryption
  • Answer: A) It allows for private communication over public networks
  1. Which of the following is used for securely accessing web applications over the internet?
  • A) HTTPS
  • B) FTP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) POP3
  • Answer: A) HTTPS
  1. Which of the following network topologies connects each device to every other device?
  • A) Star topology
  • B) Bus topology
  • C) Mesh topology
  • D) Ring topology
  • Answer: C) Mesh topology
  1. Which of the following is a part of the OSI model?
  • A) Data Link Layer
  • B) Application Layer
  • C) Network Layer
  • D) All of the above
  • Answer: D) All of the above
  1. Which of the following is NOT a valid IP address class?
  • A) Class A
  • B) Class B
  • C) Class C
  • D) Class D
  • Answer: D) Class D
  1. Which of the following is used to map a MAC address to an IP address?
  • A) ARP
  • B) ICMP
  • C) DNS
  • D) DHCP
  • Answer: A) ARP
  1. Which of the following is used for segmenting large networks into smaller sub-networks?
  • A) Subnetting
  • B) Routing
  • C) VLAN
  • D) NAT
  • Answer: A) Subnetting
  1. Which of the following wireless standards operates at 5 GHz?
  • A) 802.11n
  • B) 802.11ac
  • C) 802.11g
  • D) 802.11b
  • Answer: B) 802.11ac
  1. Which of the following is a protocol used for managing devices on a network?
  • A) SNMP
  • B) HTTP
  • C) SMTP
  • D) ARP
  • Answer: A) SNMP
  1. Which of the following is the purpose of the transport layer in the OSI model?
  • A) Data routing
  • B) End-to-end communication
  • C) Data compression
  • D) Physical transmission
  • Answer: B) End-to-end communication
  1. Which of the following is used to separate broadcast domains in a network?
  • A) Router
  • B) Hub
  • C) Switch
  • D) Repeater
  • Answer: A) Router
  1. Which of the following is used for secure email transmission?
  • A) S/MIME
  • B) FTP
  • C) HTTP
  • D) POP3
  • Answer: A) S/MIME
  1. What is the main function of a DNS server?
  • A) Resolving domain names to IP addresses
  • B) Sending email
  • C) Routing packets
  • D) Securing network traffic
  • Answer: A) Resolving domain names to IP addresses
SSC / Banking Exam Computer Topics Action
General Awareness (Common) Basic Computer Fundamentals
History & Evolution of Computers
Types of Computers
Computer Hardware & Software
Operating Systems
Memory & Storage Devices
MS Office
Computer Networking
Cyber Security
Programming Basics
Database Management System
Internet & Web Technologies
E-Governance & Digital India
SSC CGL Tier 2 Computer Knowledge Module (Paper 1)
SSC CHSL Computer Awareness Section
SSC Stenographer/MTS Basic Computer Awareness

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