Here is a detailed summary on “Internet & Web Technologies” covering key topics such as the World Wide Web (WWW), HTTP, HTTPS, Cloud Computing, and more:
Chapter Summary: Internet & Web Technologies
The internet is a vast network that connects millions of computers worldwide, enabling communication and access to information. The term “Web Technologies” refers to the various technologies and protocols that facilitate the functioning of the World Wide Web (WWW) and cloud computing platforms. This chapter will explore essential concepts such as the WWW, HTTP, HTTPS, cloud computing, web servers, browsers, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more, providing a comprehensive understanding of modern web technologies.
1. The World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed through the internet. It allows users to view websites, interact with multimedia content, and use various online applications. The web is built on the foundation of protocols, services, and technologies, which include:
- Web Browsers: Software applications used to access and navigate the web. Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge.
- Web Servers: Systems that store and deliver content to users’ web browsers upon request. Popular web servers include Apache HTTP Server, Nginx, and Microsoft IIS.
- Web Pages: Documents that are viewed on the web. These can be static (HTML-based) or dynamic (generated by server-side scripting).
The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, revolutionizing the way information is shared and accessed.
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the foundational protocol used for transferring hypertext (web pages) over the internet. HTTP defines the rules for communication between a client (web browser) and a server. It operates as a request-response protocol:
- Request: The client (browser) sends an HTTP request to the server to access a particular resource (e.g., a web page).
- Response: The server processes the request and sends an HTTP response back to the client, which typically includes the requested resource (such as HTML, images, or data).
Key Components of HTTP:
- Request Methods: Common HTTP request methods include GET (retrieve data), POST (submit data), PUT (update data), and DELETE (remove data).
- Status Codes: These are numerical codes sent by the server to indicate the status of a request. For example, a 200 status code means “OK,” and a 404 status code means “Not Found.”
HTTP operates over a stateless protocol, meaning each request is independent and doesn’t retain memory of previous requests.
3. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of HTTP that adds a layer of security by encrypting the communication between the client and the server using SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security). HTTPS ensures:
- Confidentiality: Data transmitted between the browser and the server is encrypted, making it unreadable to third parties.
- Integrity: The data cannot be tampered with during transmission.
- Authentication: Verifies the identity of the server using SSL/TLS certificates, reducing the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks.
HTTPS is commonly used for online transactions, email, and any websites where user data, such as passwords or personal information, is exchanged.
4. Web Servers
Web servers are responsible for hosting websites and responding to requests made by clients (typically browsers). They handle HTTP or HTTPS requests and return resources such as HTML documents, images, CSS files, JavaScript, etc.
Popular Web Servers:
- Apache HTTP Server: One of the most widely used open-source web servers.
- Nginx: Known for its performance and scalability, it is used as both a web server and a reverse proxy server.
- LiteSpeed: A commercial web server known for its speed and efficiency.
A web server works by listening for requests on a specific port (usually port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS) and sending back the requested resources.
5. Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing refers to the delivery of computing services (such as storage, processing, networking, and software) over the internet. Rather than maintaining physical infrastructure, businesses and individuals can use cloud services on-demand, paying only for what they use. Cloud computing has revolutionized how IT resources are managed, reducing the need for expensive hardware and improving scalability and flexibility.
Types of Cloud Computing:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, such as virtual machines, storage, and networks. Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform that allows customers to develop, run, and manage applications without managing infrastructure. Examples: Google App Engine, Heroku.
- Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers software applications over the internet, which users can access through a web browser. Examples: Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Dropbox.
Advantages of Cloud Computing:
- Scalability: Cloud services can easily scale up or down based on user needs.
- Cost Efficiency: Users only pay for the resources they use, reducing upfront infrastructure costs.
- Reliability: Cloud providers offer high availability with redundancy and backup systems.
- Security: Cloud services often come with robust security features like data encryption, identity management, and compliance with industry standards.
6. Web Development Technologies
Web development involves the creation of websites and web applications. Several technologies and programming languages are used in web development, including:
Front-End Technologies:
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The standard markup language for creating web pages. It defines the structure and content of a webpage.
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Used to style and layout web pages, controlling elements like colors, fonts, and positioning.
- JavaScript: A programming language that enables interactivity on websites. JavaScript allows for dynamic content such as animations, form validation, and real-time updates.
Back-End Technologies:
- Server-Side Scripting: Languages like PHP, Python, Ruby, Node.js, and Java serve to process requests and generate dynamic web content.
- Databases: Websites often require databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB) to store and retrieve data.
- Web Frameworks: Frameworks like Django (Python), Ruby on Rails (Ruby), and Laravel (PHP) provide pre-built components to speed up development.
7. Web Protocols and Technologies
In addition to HTTP and HTTPS, other protocols and technologies are essential for the web to function effectively:
- DNS (Domain Name System): The DNS translates human-readable domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between a client and a server. Secure FTP (SFTP) provides encrypted data transfer.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): The protocol used for sending emails.
- WebSockets: A protocol that enables two-way communication between a client and server, often used for real-time applications like chat services and online gaming.
8. Web Security
As web usage increases, security becomes more critical. Some key aspects of web security include:
- SSL/TLS Certificates: Secure the communication between clients and servers.
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): A vulnerability where attackers inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users.
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): A type of attack where an attacker tricks a user into performing an action they didn’t intend to.
- SQL Injection: A vulnerability where attackers can manipulate SQL queries to gain unauthorized access to a database.
Here are the Top 50 Objective MCQs on Internet & Web Technologies (WWW, HTTP, HTTPS, Cloud Computing, etc.), each with 4 options and the correct answer marked:
✅ Internet & Web Technologies – MCQs
- Which of the following is used to access the World Wide Web?
A) Compiler
B) Browser
C) Server
D) Protocol
✅ Answer: B) Browser - What does HTTP stand for?
A) Hyper Type Transfer Protocol
B) High Transfer Text Protocol
C) HyperText Transfer Protocol
D) HyperTool Transfer Protocol
✅ Answer: C) HyperText Transfer Protocol - What is the port number for HTTPS?
A) 21
B) 443
C) 80
D) 110
✅ Answer: B) 443 - Which of the following is a web server?
A) MySQL
B) Apache
C) Google Chrome
D) Oracle
✅ Answer: B) Apache - What does URL stand for?
A) Uniform Resource Locator
B) Universal Reference Link
C) Uniform Read Locator
D) Universal Resource Login
✅ Answer: A) Uniform Resource Locator - What is the function of a DNS?
A) Encrypt Data
B) Translate domain names to IP addresses
C) Provide security
D) Build websites
✅ Answer: B) Translate domain names to IP addresses - HTTPS ensures communication is:
A) Faster
B) Encrypted
C) Broken
D) Unreliable
✅ Answer: B) Encrypted - Cloud Computing offers:
A) Only storage
B) Services via the Internet
C) Only software
D) Local network access
✅ Answer: B) Services via the Internet - Which protocol is used to send emails?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) SNMP
✅ Answer: B) SMTP - Which is NOT a web browser?
A) Chrome
B) Firefox
C) Safari
D) Linux
✅ Answer: D) Linux - Which of the following is NOT a cloud model?
A) IaaS
B) SaaS
C) PaaS
D) Naas
✅ Answer: D) Naas - What does HTML stand for?
A) HighText Markup Language
B) HyperText Markdown Language
C) HyperText Markup Language
D) None of the above
✅ Answer: C) HyperText Markup Language - Which one is a search engine?
A) Windows
B) Linux
C) Yahoo
D) Oracle
✅ Answer: C) Yahoo - What type of file is usually a website’s homepage?
A) .exe
B) .docx
C) .html
D) .txt
✅ Answer: C) .html - Which company provides AWS cloud services?
A) Microsoft
B) IBM
C) Amazon
D) Google
✅ Answer: C) Amazon - FTP is used for:
A) Secure browsing
B) File Transfer
C) Email
D) Searching
✅ Answer: B) File Transfer - Which is not a type of cloud deployment?
A) Public
B) Private
C) Hybrid
D) Static
✅ Answer: D) Static - Which of the following is a front-end web technology?
A) PHP
B) SQL
C) HTML
D) Python
✅ Answer: C) HTML - Which protocol is used to fetch web pages from the server?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) POP
✅ Answer: C) HTTP - SSL stands for:
A) Secure Server Login
B) Security Sockets Layer
C) Secure Sockets Layer
D) Safe Secure Layer
✅ Answer: C) Secure Sockets Layer - Which one is not an HTTP method?
A) GET
B) POST
C) FETCH
D) DELETE
✅ Answer: C) FETCH - The first page of a website is called:
A) Master page
B) First page
C) Landing page
D) Home page
✅ Answer: D) Home page - Who invented the World Wide Web?
A) Bill Gates
B) Tim Berners-Lee
C) Steve Jobs
D) Charles Babbage
✅ Answer: B) Tim Berners-Lee - Which language is used for server-side scripting?
A) HTML
B) CSS
C) JavaScript
D) PHP
✅ Answer: D) PHP - Google Drive is an example of:
A) IaaS
B) SaaS
C) PaaS
D) DaaS
✅ Answer: B) SaaS
- Which protocol is used for secure file transfers?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SFTP
D) POP3
✅ Answer: C) SFTP - Cloud computing is based on which model?
A) Centralized
B) Client-server
C) Pay-per-use
D) Static
✅ Answer: C) Pay-per-use - What does ISP stand for?
A) Internet Server Page
B) Internal Service Provider
C) Internet Service Provider
D) Interconnected Server Protocol
✅ Answer: C) Internet Service Provider - Which one is an example of IaaS?
A) Microsoft Word
B) Google Docs
C) Amazon EC2
D) Gmail
✅ Answer: C) Amazon EC2 - What is the main advantage of HTTPS over HTTP?
A) Faster Speed
B) Encryption and Security
C) Cheaper Hosting
D) No DNS needed
✅ Answer: B) Encryption and Security - Which one is not a component of cloud computing?
A) Service
B) Deployment
C) Execution
D) Security
✅ Answer: C) Execution - Which of the following is a programming language for the web?
A) MySQL
B) CSS
C) JavaScript
D) XML
✅ Answer: C) JavaScript - Which browser was first developed by Netscape?
A) Chrome
B) Firefox
C) Navigator
D) Opera
✅ Answer: C) Navigator - Which organization oversees domain name system?
A) ICANN
B) NASA
C) ISO
D) WHO
✅ Answer: A) ICANN - A static website is:
A) Always changing
B) User interactive
C) Unchanging content
D) Database driven
✅ Answer: C) Unchanging content - Which layer in cloud manages services like SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS?
A) Software Layer
B) Management Layer
C) Service Layer
D) Application Layer
✅ Answer: C) Service Layer - The full form of TCP/IP is:
A) Transfer Control Protocol / Internal Protocol
B) Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
C) Transport Contact Point / Internet Process
D) None of the above
✅ Answer: B) Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol - Which one is not a cloud provider?
A) AWS
B) Azure
C) Google Cloud
D) Firefox
✅ Answer: D) Firefox - Which of these stores web pages?
A) Browser
B) Web server
C) Switch
D) Hub
✅ Answer: B) Web server - Which protocol is used to receive emails?
A) SMTP
B) POP3
C) FTP
D) HTTP
✅ Answer: B) POP3 - Google Chrome is an example of a:
A) Search Engine
B) Web Server
C) Web Browser
D) Cloud Provider
✅ Answer: C) Web Browser - Which HTML tag is used to create a link?
A)<link>
B)<a>
C)<href>
D)<url>
✅ Answer: B)<a> - Which is not a feature of cloud computing?
A) On-demand service
B) Scalability
C) Manual updates
D) Resource pooling
✅ Answer: C) Manual updates - Which of the following is used for cloud data storage?
A) CloudDrive
B) Google Drive
C) CloudByte
D) CloudSpace
✅ Answer: B) Google Drive - The ‘lock’ icon in browser address bar means:
A) Website is fake
B) No connection
C) Secure connection
D) Dangerous
✅ Answer: C) Secure connection - Which protocol helps real-time communication in browsers?
A) HTTP
B) WebSockets
C) FTP
D) DNS
✅ Answer: B) WebSockets - Which device connects your local network to the Internet?
A) Switch
B) Router
C) Hub
D) Modem
✅ Answer: B) Router - Which language adds styling to web pages?
A) HTML
B) PHP
C) Java
D) CSS
✅ Answer: D) CSS - A web page that adjusts to different screen sizes is called:
A) Responsive
B) Static
C) Dynamic
D) Adaptive
✅ Answer: A) Responsive - Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloud computing?
A) Scalability
B) Flexibility
C) High upfront cost
D) Pay-as-you-go
✅ Answer: C) High upfront cost
✅ Internet & Web Technologies – MCQs (51–100)
- Which of the following is a dynamic website development language?
A) HTML
B) CSS
C) JavaScript
D) JPEG
✅ Answer: C) JavaScript - Which of the following is a cloud storage platform by Microsoft?
A) OneDrive
B) Dropbox
C) iCloud
D) DriveHQ
✅ Answer: A) OneDrive - Which one of the following is not a feature of HTTP?
A) Stateless
B) Connectionless
C) Secure
D) Media Independent
✅ Answer: C) Secure - In cloud computing, PaaS provides:
A) Physical hardware
B) Development platforms
C) Software only
D) Security software
✅ Answer: B) Development platforms - Which of these is used to uniquely identify a website on the internet?
A) ISP
B) IP Address
C) DNS
D) MAC Address
✅ Answer: B) IP Address - Cloud computing reduces the need for:
A) Internet access
B) IT infrastructure
C) Security
D) Databases
✅ Answer: B) IT infrastructure - Which of these is not a type of internet connection?
A) Dial-up
B) Broadband
C) Fiber
D) Thermal
✅ Answer: D) Thermal - Which of the following is a markup language?
A) Java
B) Python
C) HTML
D) PHP
✅ Answer: C) HTML - What is the default port of HTTP?
A) 22
B) 25
C) 80
D) 443
✅ Answer: C) 80 - Which protocol is used to securely transfer files over the internet?
A) FTP
B) HTTP
C) SFTP
D) POP
✅ Answer: C) SFTP
- Which device assigns IP addresses to devices in a network?
A) Router
B) Switch
C) Hub
D) Repeater
✅ Answer: A) Router - Which of the following is not a cloud service provider?
A) Amazon Web Services
B) Microsoft Azure
C) Oracle Cloud
D) Mozilla Firefox
✅ Answer: D) Mozilla Firefox - Which organization developed the HTTP protocol?
A) Microsoft
B) CERN
C) W3C
D) Google
✅ Answer: C) W3C - Which of these stores website data locally for faster loading?
A) Cookies
B) Cache
C) DNS
D) IP
✅ Answer: B) Cache - Which cloud service provides hardware as a service?
A) SaaS
B) PaaS
C) IaaS
D) DaaS
✅ Answer: C) IaaS - Which company developed the Chrome browser?
A) Mozilla
B) Microsoft
C) Google
D) Apple
✅ Answer: C) Google - A user-friendly address like www.google.com is known as:
A) IP
B) MAC
C) Domain name
D) URL
✅ Answer: C) Domain name - HTML files are saved with which extension?
A) .txt
B) .doc
C) .html
D) .htm
✅ Answer: C) .html - Which is a benefit of using cloud computing?
A) Manual updates
B) Limited access
C) Elasticity
D) No internet required
✅ Answer: C) Elasticity - A hybrid cloud is a combination of:
A) Public and Virtual
B) Public and Private
C) LAN and WAN
D) Hardware and Software
✅ Answer: B) Public and Private
- Which of the following tags is used in HTML to add an image?
A)<img>
B)<src>
C)<image>
D)<picture>
✅ Answer: A)<img> - Which of the following is NOT an IaaS provider?
A) Amazon EC2
B) Google Compute Engine
C) Microsoft Azure
D) Dropbox
✅ Answer: D) Dropbox - What is the main use of JavaScript in websites?
A) Design
B) Layout
C) Styling
D) Interactivity
✅ Answer: D) Interactivity - Which device provides internet connectivity via a SIM card?
A) Modem
B) Router
C) Dongle
D) Switch
✅ Answer: C) Dongle - Which web protocol provides maximum security?
A) HTTP
B) HTTPS
C) FTP
D) Telnet
✅ Answer: B) HTTPS - Cloud computing is typically accessed via:
A) Intranet
B) LAN
C) Internet
D) USB
✅ Answer: C) Internet - Which of the following is a cloud-based email service?
A) Outlook
B) Notepad
C) Excel
D) Word
✅ Answer: A) Outlook - Which of the following stores information about web pages for faster access?
A) IP
B) DNS
C) Browser Cache
D) Firewall
✅ Answer: C) Browser Cache - Which of the following is not an HTTP status code?
A) 200
B) 404
C) 503
D) 888
✅ Answer: D) 888 - The IP address 127.0.0.1 refers to:
A) DNS server
B) Default gateway
C) Localhost
D) Google DNS
✅ Answer: C) Localhost
- The full form of URL is:
A) Unique Reference Link
B) Uniform Resource Locator
C) Universal Registration List
D) Uniform Relay Locator
✅ Answer: B) Uniform Resource Locator - Which cloud model provides everything needed to run applications?
A) SaaS
B) IaaS
C) PaaS
D) DaaS
✅ Answer: A) SaaS - Which protocol is used for viewing web pages?
A) SMTP
B) FTP
C) HTTP
D) TCP
✅ Answer: C) HTTP - The web page format is written using:
A) XML
B) CSS
C) HTML
D) SQL
✅ Answer: C) HTML - Which device is used to connect multiple networks?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
✅ Answer: C) Router - What does “WWW” stand for?
A) World Web Wide
B) Wide World Web
C) World Wide Web
D) Web Wide World
✅ Answer: C) World Wide Web - Which is not a valid HTML tag?
A)<p>
B)<b>
C)<i>
D)<break>
✅ Answer: D)<break> - Which HTTP status code means “Not Found”?
A) 200
B) 301
C) 404
D) 500
✅ Answer: C) 404 - Cloud computing is best known for:
A) High upfront costs
B) Unlimited local storage
C) On-demand resource availability
D) Fixed plans
✅ Answer: C) On-demand resource availability - Which tag is used to insert a hyperlink in HTML?
A)<link>
B)<url>
C)<href>
D)<a>
✅ Answer: D)<a>
- Which company offers Google Cloud Platform?
A) Amazon
B) Microsoft
C) Google
D) IBM
✅ Answer: C) Google - Which port number is used for FTP?
A) 20/21
B) 25
C) 53
D) 110
✅ Answer: A) 20/21 - HTML and CSS are used for:
A) Backend development
B) Data processing
C) Frontend development
D) Hardware communication
✅ Answer: C) Frontend development - Which one of the following is a valid domain extension?
A) .web
B) .net
C) .doc
D) .img
✅ Answer: B) .net - Which one is a top-level domain (TLD)?
A) www
B) com
C) google
D) html
✅ Answer: B) com - Which part of the URL specifies the protocol?
A) Domain
B) Path
C) http://
D) Extension
✅ Answer: C) http:// - Cloud computing allows data access from:
A) Local computer only
B) One device
C) Multiple devices via Internet
D) USB only
✅ Answer: C) Multiple devices via Internet - Which of the following is NOT a programming language?
A) Python
B) C++
C) Java
D) HTML
✅ Answer: D) HTML - What does the browser use to locate websites?
A) URL
B) MAC Address
C) Port
D) ISP
✅ Answer: A) URL - Which of the following protocols is not secure?
A) HTTPS
B) SFTP
C) HTTP
D) SSL
✅ Answer: C) HTTP
✅ Internet & Web Technologies – MCQs (101–150)
101. What does SSL stand for?
A) Secure Sockets Layer
B) Security System Layer
C) Software Secure Layer
D) Safe Server Login
✅ Answer: A) Secure Sockets Layer
102. Which of the following is not a valid browser?
A) Chrome
B) Firefox
C) Windows
D) Safari
✅ Answer: C) Windows
103. Which is a private IP address?
A) 192.168.0.1
B) 8.8.8.8
C) 172.217.14.206
D) 45.33.32.156
✅ Answer: A) 192.168.0.1
104. Which protocol helps in sending emails?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) TCP
✅ Answer: C) SMTP
105. The part of a domain name that identifies the type of organization is called:
A) Domain extension
B) Subdomain
C) IP address
D) Path
✅ Answer: A) Domain extension
106. The website layout and visual design is primarily handled by:
A) JavaScript
B) CSS
C) HTML
D) PHP
✅ Answer: B) CSS
107. A firewall is used to:
A) Protect from viruses
B) Create websites
C) Block unauthorized access
D) Optimize speed
✅ Answer: C) Block unauthorized access
108. The ability of cloud computing to grow or shrink IT resources as needed is called:
A) Flexibility
B) Elasticity
C) Availability
D) Scalability
✅ Answer: B) Elasticity
109. What does ISP stand for?
A) Internet Service Provider
B) Internal Software Program
C) International Server Protocol
D) Integrated Server Point
✅ Answer: A) Internet Service Provider
110. What does DNS stand for?
A) Domain Naming Source
B) Domain Name System
C) Digital Network System
D) Data Network Server
✅ Answer: B) Domain Name System
111. Which of the following is a valid email protocol?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) SNMP
✅ Answer: B) SMTP
112. What is the full form of IP?
A) Internal Protocol
B) Internet Provider
C) Internet Protocol
D) Intranet Protocol
✅ Answer: C) Internet Protocol
113. A website’s homepage is also known as:
A) Main Page
B) Index Page
C) Start Page
D) Title Page
✅ Answer: B) Index Page
114. Which protocol ensures secure communication over the web?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTPS
D) Telnet
✅ Answer: C) HTTPS
115. Which company created the Safari browser?
A) Microsoft
B) Apple
C) Google
D) Mozilla
✅ Answer: B) Apple
116. Cloud computing services are mainly divided into how many models?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
✅ Answer: B) 3 (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)
117. What is the purpose of an HTML form?
A) Display content
B) Play videos
C) Collect user input
D) Send emails
✅ Answer: C) Collect user input
118. Which is a text-based web browser?
A) Internet Explorer
B) Google Chrome
C) Lynx
D) Safari
✅ Answer: C) Lynx
119. What is the role of <head> tag in HTML?
A) Contains visible text
B) Contains scripts and metadata
C) Contains links
D) Displays forms
✅ Answer: B) Contains scripts and metadata
120. Which is the most widely used DNS server IP?
A) 8.8.8.8
B) 127.0.0.1
C) 255.255.255.0
D) 0.0.0.0
✅ Answer: A) 8.8.8.8
121. SaaS stands for:
A) Software as a Service
B) System as a Service
C) Security as a Service
D) Storage as a Service
✅ Answer: A) Software as a Service
122. Who invented the World Wide Web?
A) Steve Jobs
B) Bill Gates
C) Tim Berners-Lee
D) Larry Page
✅ Answer: C) Tim Berners-Lee
123. The HTTP response code 500 means:
A) OK
B) Not Found
C) Internal Server Error
D) Forbidden
✅ Answer: C) Internal Server Error
124. Which one is not a front-end technology?
A) JavaScript
B) CSS
C) PHP
D) HTML
✅ Answer: C) PHP
125. Which of the following is not a benefit of cloud computing?
A) Reduced cost
B) Unlimited local storage
C) High availability
D) Scalability
✅ Answer: B) Unlimited local storage
126. What is the use of <a> tag in HTML?
A) Adding an image
B) Making text bold
C) Adding a link
D) Inserting a table
✅ Answer: C) Adding a link
127. HTTPS uses which port number by default?
A) 443
B) 80
C) 21
D) 25
✅ Answer: A) 443
128. The .com in a website URL indicates:
A) Country
B) Organization type
C) Server type
D) File type
✅ Answer: B) Organization type
129. In cloud models, IaaS offers:
A) Software
B) Infrastructure
C) Platform
D) Operating system
✅ Answer: B) Infrastructure
130. Which of the following protocols is used for remote login?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) Telnet
D) SMTP
✅ Answer: C) Telnet
131. The term “responsive web design” means:
A) Fast loading
B) Mobile-friendly layout
C) Secure content
D) Scrollable content
✅ Answer: B) Mobile-friendly layout
132. Which protocol transfers email messages between servers?
A) POP3
B) SMTP
C) IMAP
D) TCP
✅ Answer: B) SMTP
133. Which tag is used to create an ordered list in HTML?
A) <ul>
B) <ol>
C) <li>
D) <list>
✅ Answer: B) <ol>
134. Which one is used to ensure data security in cloud?
A) Firewall
B) Antivirus
C) Encryption
D) Router
✅ Answer: C) Encryption
135. Which of the following is a file transfer protocol?
A) SMTP
B) FTP
C) HTTP
D) IMAP
✅ Answer: B) FTP
136. What does Google use to index web pages?
A) Crawler
B) Finder
C) Searchbot
D) DNS
✅ Answer: A) Crawler
137. Which protocol retrieves emails from a mail server?
A) SMTP
B) FTP
C) POP3
D) HTTP
✅ Answer: C) POP3
138. What is the function of the <br> tag?
A) Add space
B) Line break
C) Bold text
D) Insert table
✅ Answer: B) Line break
139. A VPN is used to:
A) Speed up Internet
B) Secure remote access
C) Host websites
D) Manage servers
✅ Answer: B) Secure remote access
140. Which of the following is not a cloud provider?
A) Amazon AWS
B) IBM Cloud
C) Linux OS
D) Google Cloud
✅ Answer: C) Linux OS
141. What is the purpose of JavaScript on websites?
A) Speed
B) Storage
C) Interactivity
D) Domain Management
✅ Answer: C) Interactivity
142. Which HTML tag creates a table row?
A) <td>
B) <tr>
C) <table>
D) <th>
✅ Answer: B) <tr>
143. Which HTTP method is used to send data to a server?
A) GET
B) SEND
C) PUSH
D) POST
✅ Answer: D) POST
144. What is the main function of DNS?
A) Secure connection
B) Manage files
C) Convert domain names to IP
D) Encrypt data
✅ Answer: C) Convert domain names to IP
145. What is an SSL certificate used for?
A) Bandwidth control
B) Network routing
C) Securing website connection
D) Creating content
✅ Answer: C) Securing website connection
146. What is the function of <title> tag in HTML?
A) Page URL
B) Meta data
C) Page title in browser
D) Heading inside body
✅ Answer: C) Page title in browser
147. What is HTTP status code 301?
A) Not Found
B) OK
C) Permanent Redirect
D) Temporary Redirect
✅ Answer: C) Permanent Redirect
148. Who assigns IP addresses on the Internet?
A) IETF
B) IANA
C) ICANN
D) DNS
✅ Answer: C) ICANN
149. Which cloud model gives access to the complete application?
A) IaaS
B) SaaS
C) PaaS
D) DaaS
✅ Answer: B) SaaS
150. The <meta> tag is used in HTML for:
A) Paragraphs
B) Scripts
C) Metadata
D) Tables
✅ Answer: C) Metadata
✅ Internet & Web Technologies – Advanced MCQs (151–200)
151. Which of the following HTTP methods is idempotent?
A) POST
B) PUT
C) PATCH
D) CONNECT
✅ Answer: B) PUT
152. Which component of a URL specifies the protocol used?
A) Domain
B) Path
C) Scheme
D) Query string
✅ Answer: C) Scheme
153. In cloud computing, multi-tenancy means:
A) Multiple users sharing the same physical resources
B) One user per virtual machine
C) Isolated hosting for each user
D) Local data storage only
✅ Answer: A) Multiple users sharing the same physical resources
154. The main function of a Content Delivery Network (CDN) is to:
A) Increase server capacity
B) Speed up content delivery
C) Create new websites
D) Store cookies
✅ Answer: B) Speed up content delivery
155. Which tool is used to inspect HTTP requests/responses in browsers?
A) FTP client
B) DNS checker
C) Developer Tools (F12)
D) Task Manager
✅ Answer: C) Developer Tools (F12)
156. SAML in web security stands for:
A) Secure Access Management Layer
B) Security Assertion Markup Language
C) System Authentication Message Link
D) Standard Access Messaging Language
✅ Answer: B) Security Assertion Markup Language
157. Which HTTP status code indicates “Method Not Allowed”?
A) 403
B) 405
C) 500
D) 409
✅ Answer: B) 405
158. OAuth 2.0 is primarily used for:
A) Encryption
B) Authorization
C) Authentication only
D) Database transactions
✅ Answer: B) Authorization
159. Which of the following is a cloud orchestration tool?
A) Docker
B) Kubernetes
C) VirtualBox
D) Anaconda
✅ Answer: B) Kubernetes
160. The TTL value in DNS records is responsible for:
A) Encryption
B) Server load
C) Record expiration time
D) File size limit
✅ Answer: C) Record expiration time
161. The main security protocol used in VPNs is:
A) SSL
B) TLS
C) IPsec
D) FTP
✅ Answer: C) IPsec
162. Which of the following tools is used for web application penetration testing?
A) Wireshark
B) Nmap
C) Burp Suite
D) Visual Studio
✅ Answer: C) Burp Suite
163. The process of mapping a domain name to an IP address is called:
A) Hosting
B) Forwarding
C) DNS Resolution
D) Domain Allocation
✅ Answer: C) DNS Resolution
164. What does the <noscript> tag in HTML handle?
A) CSS fallback
B) Browser redirection
C) Content for users without JavaScript
D) Script styling
✅ Answer: C) Content for users without JavaScript
165. Which HTTP method is used to partially update a resource?
A) PUT
B) POST
C) PATCH
D) OPTIONS
✅ Answer: C) PATCH
166. The Referrer Policy in HTTP headers is used to control:
A) Cookie access
B) Referer information leakage
C) User authentication
D) Redirect behavior
✅ Answer: B) Referer information leakage
167. The robots.txt file is used to:
A) Speed up website loading
B) Prevent browsers from loading images
C) Give instructions to web crawlers
D) Define page titles
✅ Answer: C) Give instructions to web crawlers
168. What does the SameSite attribute in cookies help prevent?
A) SQL injection
B) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
C) DNS Spoofing
D) Session timeout
✅ Answer: B) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
169. What is latency in networking?
A) Data loss
B) Time taken to respond
C) Download speed
D) Bandwidth
✅ Answer: B) Time taken to respond
170. Which HTTP header is used to prevent clickjacking?
A) X-Frame-Options
B) Content-Security-Policy
C) X-XSS-Protection
D) Server
✅ Answer: A) X-Frame-Options
171. Which of the following is a web socket port?
A) 443
B) 8080
C) 8888
D) 80
✅ Answer: B) 8080
172. In IPv6, the address space is:
A) 32-bit
B) 64-bit
C) 128-bit
D) 256-bit
✅ Answer: C) 128-bit
173. Load balancing in web servers is used to:
A) Add security
B) Increase memory
C) Distribute traffic evenly
D) Backup data
✅ Answer: C) Distribute traffic evenly
174. Which of the following is NOT a valid cloud service provider?
A) Microsoft Azure
B) Amazon EC2
C) Apple iWork
D) Google Cloud
✅ Answer: C) Apple iWork
175. A man-in-the-middle attack is prevented using:
A) DNS
B) HTTP
C) SSL/TLS
D) FTP
✅ Answer: C) SSL/TLS
176. The Viewport meta tag in HTML is used for:
A) SEO
B) Responsive layout
C) Page redirection
D) Hiding content
✅ Answer: B) Responsive layout
177. Which of the following is not a valid REST constraint?
A) Stateless
B) Layered System
C) Code on demand
D) Stateful
✅ Answer: D) Stateful
178. A 404 HTTP response means:
A) Server Error
B) Unauthorized
C) Page Not Found
D) Forbidden
✅ Answer: C) Page Not Found
179. What is the default port for DNS?
A) 80
B) 25
C) 53
D) 110
✅ Answer: C) 53
180. Which encryption algorithm is commonly used in HTTPS?
A) DES
B) MD5
C) RSA
D) SHA1
✅ Answer: C) RSA
181. The SOAP protocol is based on:
A) XML
B) JSON
C) YAML
D) HTML
✅ Answer: A) XML
182. Cloud bursting refers to:
A) Storing backups offline
B) Transferring data to users
C) Shifting workloads to public cloud
D) Erasing cloud data
✅ Answer: C) Shifting workloads to public cloud
183. What is the main protocol for real-time chat over the web?
A) HTTP
B) SMTP
C) WebSocket
D) FTP
✅ Answer: C) WebSocket
184. Which of the following is a two-factor authentication method?
A) Email login
B) Password and OTP
C) Username only
D) Captcha only
✅ Answer: B) Password and OTP
185. Which HTML5 element is used for self-contained content?
A) <div>
B) <aside>
C) <article>
D) <footer>
✅ Answer: C) <article>
186. The XSS attack exploits vulnerabilities in:
A) CSS
B) JavaScript
C) SQL
D) TLS
✅ Answer: B) JavaScript
187. What is serverless computing?
A) Cloud without a server
B) Running code without managing servers
C) Local network hosting
D) Bare metal hosting
✅ Answer: B) Running code without managing servers
188. Which header prevents MIME-sniffing?
A) Content-Type
B) X-Content-Type-Options
C) X-Frame-Options
D) Accept-Encoding
✅ Answer: B) X-Content-Type-Options
189. In IPv4, how many bits are there?
A) 16
B) 32
C) 64
D) 128
✅ Answer: B) 32
190. In cloud computing, vertical scaling means:
A) Adding more servers
B) Increasing server capacity
C) Decreasing network speed
D) Migrating to private cloud
✅ Answer: B) Increasing server capacity
191. What does the <canvas> element in HTML5 do?
A) Display tables
B) Create drawings and graphics
C) Write forms
D) Optimize pages
✅ Answer: B) Create drawings and graphics
192. Which DNS record type is used to map a domain to an IP address?
A) MX
B) CNAME
C) TXT
D) A
✅ Answer: D) A
193. What is a wildcard SSL certificate used for?
A) All domains
B) Subdomains
C) Local servers
D) API only
✅ Answer: B) Subdomains
194. The subnet mask is used to:
A) Encrypt IP
B) Divide network and host portions
C) Increase RAM
D) Block websites
✅ Answer: B) Divide network and host portions
195. CAPTCHA is mainly used for:
A) Styling forms
B) Avoiding duplicate login
C) Preventing bots
D) Blocking popups
✅ Answer: C) Preventing bots
196. Which is not an HTTP verb?
A) PUT
B) GET
C) DROP
D) POST
✅ Answer: C) DROP
197. ICANN is responsible for:
A) Internet censorship
B) Cybersecurity
C) Domain name management
D) Cloud hosting
✅ Answer: C) Domain name management
198. Which type of DNS record handles mail routing?
A) A
B) MX
C) PTR
D) NS
✅ Answer: B) MX
199. What is the primary purpose of TLS?
A) UI design
B) Database access
C) Secure communication
D) Increase bandwidth
✅ Answer: C) Secure communication
200. Which part of a URL contains parameters passed to the server?
A) Scheme
B) Path
C) Fragment
D) Query string
✅ Answer: D) Query string
